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==Shock== Explosive [[shock wave]]s can cause situations such as body displacement (i.e., people being thrown through the air), [[dismemberment]], [[internal bleeding]] and ruptured [[eardrum]]s.<ref name="Mlstein 2008">{{cite book|last=Mlstein|first=Randall L.|title=Forensic Science|url=https://archive.org/details/forensicscience00emba|url-access=limited|chapter=Bomb damage assessment|editor=Ayn Embar-seddon |editor2=Allan D. Pass |publisher=Salem Press|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/forensicscience00emba/page/n185 166]|isbn=978-1-58765-423-7}}</ref> Shock waves produced by explosive events have two distinct components, the positive and negative wave. The positive wave shoves outward from the point of detonation, followed by the trailing vacuum space "sucking back" towards the point of origin as the shock bubble collapses. The greatest defense against shock injuries is distance from the source of shock.<ref>{{cite book |last= Marks |first= Michael E. |title= The Emergency Responder's Guide to Terrorism |publisher= Red Hat Publishing Co., Inc. |year= 2002 |page= 30 |isbn= 1-932235-00-0 }}</ref> As a point of reference, the overpressure at the [[Oklahoma City bombing]] was estimated in the range of {{nowrap|28 [[Pascal (unit)|MPa]].}}<ref>{{Cite news|last= Wong |first= Henry |title= Blast-Resistant Building Design Technology Analysis of its Application to Modern Hotel Design |publisher= WGA Wong Gregerson Architects, Inc. |year= 2002 |page= 5 }}</ref>
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