Editing Bodybuilding (section)

=== Early history ===
[[File:Hercules Farnese 3637104088 9c95d7fe3c b.jpg|thumb|165px|The ''[[Farnese Hercules]]'', 216 AD]]

Stone-lifting competitions were practiced in ancient [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], [[Ancient Greece|Greece]], and [[Tamilakam]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/locked-horns-and-a-flurry-of-feathers/article4294435.ece|title=Locked horns and a flurry of feathers|vauthors=Karthikeyan D|date=January 12, 2013|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=May 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511091147/http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/locked-horns-and-a-flurry-of-feathers/article4294435.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Western weightlifting developed in Europe from 1880 to 1953, with [[Strongman (strength athlete)|strongmen]] displaying feats of [[Physical strength|strength]] for the public and challenging each other. The focus was not on their physique, and they possessed relatively large bellies and fatty limbs compared to bodybuilders of today.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Schwarzenegger A |title=The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding|year=1999|location=Fireside, NY|isbn=978-0684857213|publisher=Simon & Schuster}}</ref>

==== Eugen Sandow ====
[[File:Falk,_Benjamin_J._(1853-1925)_-_Eugen_Sandow_(1867-1925).jpg|thumb|165px|[[Eugen Sandow]], often referred to as the "Father of Modern Bodybuilding"]]
Bodybuilding developed in the late 19th century, promoted in England by [[Eugen Sandow]]. He allowed audiences to enjoy viewing his physique in "muscle display performances". Although audiences were thrilled to see a well-developed physique, the men simply displayed their bodies as part of strength demonstrations or wrestling matches. Sandow had a stage show built around these displays through his manager, [[Florenz Ziegfeld]]. The [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning 1936 [[musical film]] ''[[The Great Ziegfeld]]'' depicts the beginning of modern bodybuilding, when Sandow began to display his body for carnivals.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-26|title=This footage taken by Thomas Edison in 1904, shows women and men bodybuilding|url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/03/26/footage-taken-thomas-edison-1904-show-women-men-bodybuilding/|access-date=2021-04-23|website=The Vintage News|language=en|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423123452/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/03/26/footage-taken-thomas-edison-1904-show-women-men-bodybuilding/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sandow was so successful at flexing and posing his physique that he later created several businesses around his fame, and was among the first to market products branded with his name. He was credited with inventing and selling the first [[exercise equipment]] for the masses: machined [[dumbbell]]s, spring [[pulley]]s, and tension bands. Even his image was sold by the thousands in "[[cabinet card]]s" and other prints.

====First large-scale bodybuilding competition====
Sandow organized the first bodybuilding contest on September 14, 1901, called the "Great Competition". It was held at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Jesse|name-list-style=vanc|title=Bodybuilders Through the Ages|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Bodybuilders-Through-the-Ages.html|date=July 19, 2009|access-date=September 24, 2013|archive-date=November 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106002608/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Bodybuilders-Through-the-Ages.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Judged by Sandow, Sir Charles Lawes, and [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]], the contest was a great success and many bodybuilding enthusiasts were turned away due to the overwhelming number of audience members. The trophy presented to the winner was a gold statue of Sandow sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy. The winner was William L. Murray of [[Nottingham]]. The silver Sandow trophy was presented to second-place winner D. Cooper. The bronze Sandow trophy—now the most famous of all—was presented to third-place winner A.C. Smythe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-16|title=The Fascinating Story of the First Bodybuilding Show|url=https://barbend.com/first-bodybuilding-show-eugen-sandow/|access-date=2021-04-23|website=BarBend|language=en-US|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423123443/https://barbend.com/first-bodybuilding-show-eugen-sandow/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1950, this same bronze trophy was presented to [[Steve Reeves]] for winning the inaugural [[National Amateur Body-Builders' Association|NABBA]] [[Universe Championships|Mr. Universe]] contest. It would not resurface again until 1977 when the winner of the [[International Federation of BodyBuilders|IFBB]] [[Mr. Olympia]] contest, [[Frank Zane]], was presented with a replica of the bronze trophy. Since then, [[Mr. Olympia]] winners have been consistently awarded a replica of the bronze Sandow.

The first large-scale bodybuilding competition in America took place from December 28, 1903, to January 2, 1904,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ryan |first1=Eugene Avery |year=1899 |title=''Physical Culture'', vol. 10, no. 6 (December 1903), p. 555 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951000756772n&view=1up&seq=569 |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204210450/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951000756772n&view=1up&seq=569 |url-status=live }}</ref> at [[Madison Square Garden (1890)|Madison Square Garden]] in New York City. The competition was promoted by [[Bernarr Macfadden]], the father of [[physical culture]] and publisher of original bodybuilding magazines such as ''Health & Strength''. The winner was [[Al Treloar]], who was declared "The Most Perfectly Developed Man in the World".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Treloar/treloar.htm|title=Al Treloar at SandowPlus.com|publisher=Sandowplus.co.uk|date=December 28, 1903|access-date=October 5, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104307/http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Treloar/treloar.htm|archive-date=June 29, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Treloar won a thousand dollar cash prize, a substantial sum at that time. Two weeks later, [[Thomas Edison]] made a film of Treloar's posing routine. Edison had also made two films of Sandow a few years before. Those were the first three motion pictures featuring a bodybuilder. In the early 20th century, Macfadden and [[Charles Atlas]] continued to promote bodybuilding across the world.

==== Notable early bodybuilders ====
Many other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include: Earle Liederman (writer of some of bodybuilding's earliest books), [[Zishe Breitbart]], [[George Hackenschmidt]], Emy Nkemena, George F. Jowett, Finn Hateral (a pioneer in the art of posing){{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}, [[Frank Saldo]], [[Monte Saldo]], [[William Bankier]], Launceston Elliot, [[Sig Klein]], Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe Nordquist, [[Lionel Strongfort]] ("Strongfortism"),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Strongfort/course/lesson1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802165327/http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Strongfort/course/lesson1.htm|archive-date=August 2, 2008|title=Strongfortism – Lesson One}}</ref> [[Gustav Frištenský]], [[Ralph Parcaut]] (a champion wrestler who also authored an early book on "physical culture"), and Alan P. Mead (who became a muscle champion despite the fact that he lost a leg in [[World War I]]). Actor [[Francis X. Bushman]], who was a disciple of Sandow, started his career as a bodybuilder and sculptor's model before beginning his famous [[silent movie]] career.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz2eGt6InJIC&q=Actor+Francis+X.+Bushman%2C+who+was+a+disciple+of+Sandow%2C+started+his+career+as+a+bodybuilder+and+sculptor%27s+model+before+beginning+his+famous+silent+movie+career&pg=PA1743|title=Creativity of God in the Human Body: "Bodybuilding"|publisher=Abdullah F Shrit|isbn=978-1-4840-1198-0|language=en|access-date=May 3, 2021|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405222239/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz2eGt6InJIC&q=Actor+Francis+X.+Bushman%2C+who+was+a+disciple+of+Sandow%2C+started+his+career+as+a+bodybuilder+and+sculptor%27s+model+before+beginning+his+famous+silent+movie+career&pg=PA1743|url-status=live}}</ref>