Editing Body art (section)

==Background==
[[File:Natalia Goncharova (1913).jpg|thumb|Russian avantgarde painter [[Natalia Goncharova]] during her 1913 performance.]]
Body art often deals with issues of gender and personal identity and common topics include the relationship between body and psyche.<ref name=":0" />

The forerunners were the avant-garde artists. In 1913 [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurists]]  ([[Ilia Zdanevich]], [[David Burliuk]], [[Mikhail Larionov|Milkhail Larionov]], [[Natalia Goncharova]]) performed an action in Moscow streets with painted faces<ref>{{cite web | url=https://arzamas.academy/materials/1646 | title=Бунт Михаила Ларионова • Текст и иллюстрации эпизода • Arzamas }}</ref> and later printed the manifesto "Why do we paint ourselves?" in Russian magazine "Argus".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lobgott.livejournal.com/282341.html | title=Почему мы раскрашиваемся }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://shakko.ru/833334.html | title=Боди арт тоже русские изобрели? }}</ref><ref>https://www.bookvica.com/pages/books/919/ilia-larionov-zdanevich-mikhail/key-russian-avant-garde-manifesto-pochemu-my-raskrashivaemsia-i-e-why-do-we-paint-ourselves-argus?soldItem=true</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rbth.com/arts/328979-russian-avant-garde-street-art | title=How Russian avant-garde artists created urban and street art in the country | date=19 August 2018 }}</ref>

The [[Viennese Actionism|Vienna Action Group]] was formed in 1965 by [[Hermann Nitsch]], [[Otto Mühl]], [[Günter Brus]], and [[Rudolf Schwarzkogler]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viennese Actionism|url=https://www.artsy.net/gene/viennese-actionism|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Artsy}}</ref> They performed several body art actions. In the United States [[Carolee Schneemann]], [[Chris Burden]] and [[Vito Acconci]] were very active participants. Acconci once documented, through photos and text, his daily exercise routine of stepping on and off a chair for as long as possible over several months. Acconci also performed ''Following Piece'', in which he followed randomly chosen New Yorkers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Following Piece, Vito Acconci (1969)|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/283737|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-11|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=1969 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521124044/http://www.metmuseum.org:80/art/collection/search/283737 |archive-date=2016-05-21 }}</ref>

In France, body art was termed ''art corporel'' and practiced by such artists as [[Michel Journiac]], [[Orlan]] and [[Gina Pane]] while in Italy in the 1980s, one of the famous artists in the movement was [[Ketty La Rocca]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vergine |first1=Lea |title=Dall'informale alla body art: dieci voci dell'arte contemporanea, 1960-1970 |date=1976 |publisher=Cooperativa editoriale Studio forma |oclc=988212126 }}{{page needed|date=October 2022}}</ref>

[[Marina Abramović]] performed ''[[Rhythm 0]]'' in 1974. In the piece, the audience was given instructions to use on Abramović's body an array of 72 provided instruments of pain and pleasure, including knives, feathers, and a loaded pistol. Audience members cut her, pressed thorns into her belly, applied lipstick to her, removed her clothes, and held a loaded pistol to her head. Accounts vary as to how the performance concluded, some stating it ended after a scuffle broke out in the audience over their conduct, while Abramović retells that the artwork simply came to an end after the intended six hours, at which time she stood and walked towards the audience, which fled.<ref name="Ward">{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Frazer |title=No innocent bystanders: performance art and audience |date=2012 |publisher=Dartmouth College Press |location=New Hampshire |isbn=9781611683349 |pages=120–121 |url=https://scholarworks.smith.edu/art_books/1/ |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="Graf">{{cite web |last1=Graf |first1=Stefanie |title=Rhythm 0: A Scandalous Performance by Marina Abramović |url=https://www.thecollector.com/rhythm-0-by-marina-abramovic/ |website=TheCollector |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rhythm 0|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/5177|access-date=2021-08-11|website=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref>

Artists whose works have evolved with more directed personal mythologies include [[Rebecca Horn]], [[Youri Messen-Jaschin]], Javier Perez, and [[Jana Sterbak]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Green|first=John|title=Looking for Alaska|url=https://archive.org/details/lookingforalaska00gree|url-access=registration|year=2005|publisher=Dutton Children's|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lookingforalaska00gree/page/67 67–69]|isbn=978-0-525-47506-4 }}</ref> 
Body art can also be expressed via [[writing]] rather than [[painting]].