Editing Beatrix Farrand (section)

==Landscape design career==
[[File:Dumbarton Oaks - fountain.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Fountain at [[Dumbarton Oaks]] in Washington, D.C., site of her best known garden design]]
She began practicing landscape architecture in 1895, working from the upper floor of her mother's [[brownstone]] house on East Eleventh Street in New York.<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|26}} Since women were excluded from public projects, her first designs were residential gardens, beginning with some for neighbouring [[Bar Harbor, Maine|Bar Harbor]] residents.<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|57}} With the help of her mother and with her aunt [[Edith Wharton]]'s social connections, she was introduced to prominent people, which led to working on a variety of significant projects. Within three years, she was so prominent in her field that she was chosen the only woman among the founders of the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]], although she preferred the British term "landscape gardener".<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|35}}

Farrand did the initial site and planting planning for the [[Washington National Cathedral|National Cathedral]] in Washington, D.C., in 1899.<ref name=Zaitzevsky/>{{rp|54}} In 1912, she designed the walled residential garden, Bellefield, for Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Newbold in [[Hyde Park, New York]] (now a part of the Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site).<ref name="O’Connor">{{cite news|last1=O’Connor|first1=Rosemary|title=Bellefield Garden's 100th Anniversary: Beatrix Farrand Garden at Bellefield at Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Museum and Library, Hyde Park, NY A secret garden: Bellefield Garden celebrates 100 years|url=http://www.hvmag.com/Hudson-Valley-Magazine/April-2012/Bellefield-Gardens-100th-Anniversary-Beatrix-Farrand-Garden-at-Bellefield-at-Franklin-D-Roosevelt-Presidential-Museum-and-Library-Hyde-Park-NY/|access-date=27 September 2015|work=Hudson Valley Magazine|date=2012}}</ref> In addition to being the earliest extant example of her residential designs, this exquisite walled garden, now restored, is one of the only known pairings of works by two prominent designers of that era—Farrand and the architects [[McKim, Mead & White]] — who remodeled the Newbolds' eighteenth-century house.<ref name=BellefieldNPS>{{cite web|title=Bellefield|url=http://www.nps.gov/articles/650075.htm|website=National Park Service|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> She collaborated with the firm of McKim, Mead & White in the construction of service buildings at Dumbarton Oaks.<ref name=White>{{cite web|title=Finding Aid to Lawrence Grant White Architectural Plans and Drawings|url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/dumbarton-oaks-archives/architectural-plans-and-drawings/lawrence-grant-white-architectural-plans-and-drawings|website=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|access-date=September 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413022634/http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/dumbarton-oaks-archives/architectural-plans-and-drawings/lawrence-grant-white-architectural-plans-and-drawings|archive-date=April 13, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

For the [[White House]], the first [[Ellen Axson Wilson|Mrs. Woodrow Wilson]], [[Ellen Axson Wilson|Ellen Loise Axson Wilson]], had commissioned Beatrix Farrand to design the East Colonial Garden (now redesigned as the [[Jacqueline Kennedy Garden]]) and the West Garden (now the redesigned [[White House Rose Garden]]) in 1913.<ref name=Oddities>{{cite web|title=Dumbarton Oaks|url=http://washingtonoddities.blogspot.com/2010/09/dumbarton-oaks.html|website=Washington Oddities and other interesting stuff|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=7 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007192015/http://washingtonoddities.blogspot.com/2010/09/dumbarton-oaks.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/28722/bk0009s897g/|title=Wilson (Woodrow), Washington, D.C|website=Calisphere|language=en|access-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> After Mrs. Wilson's August 1914 death, the project languished until the second Mrs. Wilson, [[Edith Galt|Edith Bolling Galt Wilson]], had its installation restarted and completed in 1916.<ref name=Lewis>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Anna M.|title=Women of steel and stone : 22 inspirational architects, engineers, and landscape designers|date=2014|publisher=Independent Pub Group|isbn=978-1613745083|pages=171–172|edition=First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQxXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Jane|title=Beatrix : the gardening life of Beatrix Jones Farrand, 1872–1959|date=1995|publisher=Viking|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-670-83217-0|edition=1st|pages=102, 108, 216}}</ref> She received the commission from [[J. Pierpont Morgan]] to design the grounds of Morgan's residence in New York City (later the site of the [[Morgan Library & Museum]]), and continued as a consultant for thirty years (1913–43).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|204–216}}

[[File:Dumbarton Oaks site plan (HABS).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Dumbarton Oaks site plan]]
Her most notable work was at the [[Dumbarton Oaks]] estate in the [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.|Georgetown]] district of Washington, D.C., for Mildred and Robert Woods Bliss (1922–1940). Her design was inspired by her European ventures, especially from the [[Italian Renaissance garden]]s, and consisted of establishing a sophisticated relationship between the architectural and natural environments, with formal terraced gardens stepping down a steep slope and transitioning to a more naturalistic aesthetic approaching the creek.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|138–42, 152–58, 196–200}}

In 1928, her husband accepted the position as the first Director of [[The Huntington Library]] (1927–41) in [[San Marino, California]].<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|143, 177}} They moved to California, but Farrand had trouble building a clientele in that state.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|144–45}} William Hertrich had long-standing dominion of the Botanical Gardens at the [[Huntington Desert Garden|Huntington]]. The landscape designers Florence Yoch and Louise Council, and Lockwood DeForest Jr., among others, were already well-established there. Her few projects came via friends, such as the Bliss winter and retirement estate, ''Casa Dorinda'', in [[Montecito, California]], and the patronage of Mildred Bliss's mother, Anna Blakely Bliss, for the nearby [[Santa Barbara Botanic Garden]] project. In the Los Angeles area, she had several commissions each with astronomer [[George Ellery Hale]] and architect [[Myron Hunt]]. With the latter she worked on projects at [[Occidental College]] and the [[California Institute of Technology]] (Caltech).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|146, 195, 203–04}}

Farrand commuted cross-country by train for her eastern projects, such as the design and supervision of the Chinese inspired garden at 'The Eyrie' for [[Abby Aldrich Rockefeller]] in [[Seal Harbor, Maine]] (1926–35). This was the era of the automobile, and in her designs Farrand applied principles learned earlier from [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]'s drives at the Arnold Arboretum and the [[Biltmore Estate]] of [[George Washington Vanderbilt II]]. [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]]<ref>"Mr. Rockefeller's Roads" by Ann Rockefeller Roberts and many other sources</ref> sought out and funded Farrand to design planting plans for subtle carriage roads at [[Acadia National Park]] on Mount Desert Island, Maine, near her Reef Point home (c.1930).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|208}} Their use continues at the Park.

Extant Farrand private gardens in the eastern U.S. are: the Bliss family's Dumbarton Oaks in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.; the [[Harkness Memorial State Park|Harkness summer home 'Eolia']] in [[Waterford, Connecticut]] (1918–1924), now preserved as the [[Harkness Memorial State Park]];<ref name=Foreman>{{cite web|last1=Foreman|first1=John|title=Big Old Houses: I Died and Went to Heaven|url=http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/the-way-they-live/2015/big-old-houses-i-died-and-went-to-heaven|website=New York Social Diary|date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> and the Rockefellers' estate 'The Eyrie' in Seal Harbor, Maine.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|204, 208}} She also collaborated with Edith Wharton on landscape and garden design for [[The Mount (Lenox, Massachusetts)|The Mount]], Wharton's home in Lenox, Massachusetts, which is open to visitors from May–October.<ref name=Green>{{cite web|last1=Green|first1=Jared|title=Beatrix Farrand Gets a Fresh Look|url=http://dirt.asla.org/2013/03/11/beatrix-farrand-gets-a-fresh-look/|website=The Dirt|date=March 11, 2013}}</ref> [[Henry James]] introduced her to [[Theodate Pope Riddle]], "one of her most fascinating clients", who owned the estate 'Hill-Stead' (1913), now preserved as the [[Hill-Stead Museum]] in [[Farmington, Connecticut]].<ref name=Brown/>{{rp| 87}}  In 1942, with [[Walter Macomber]], she designed the gardens at [[Green Spring Gardens Park|Green Spring]], near [[Alexandria, Virginia]].<ref name="vaNRHPnom">{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Fairfax/029-0025_Green_Spring_2003_Final_Nomination.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Green Spring|author=Sherrie L. Chapman|date=February 2003|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|access-date=2013-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081313/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Fairfax/029-0025_Green_Spring_2003_Final_Nomination.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Santa Barbara Botanic Garden]], for California native plants, represents her talent in [[Santa Barbara, California]].<ref name=SBBG>{{cite web|title=Landmarked Features|url=https://www.sbbg.org/explore-garden/garden-features/landmarked-features|website=The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> In England, her evolving major project, 'Dartington Hall', was for heiress [[Dorothy Payne Whitney|Dorothy Payne Elmhirst]] in [[Devon (UK Parliament constituency)|Devon]] (1932–37).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|149–52, 216}} The Reef Point Collection of her library, drawings and herbarium specimens are archived in the Environmental Design Archives at the [[University of California, Berkeley College of Environmental Design|College of Environmental Design]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] campus, except for the Dumbarton Oaks documents located at the library there, and the Arnold Arboretum drawings in their archives, both under the stewardship of Harvard.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp| 188–89, 198–201, 209}}

In 2014, Farrand was recognized for her work designing the Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden<ref name=Rockefeller>{{cite web|title=The Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden|url=http://www.nybg.org/home_peggy-rockefeller-rose-garden.php|website=New York Botanical Garden|access-date=March 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142153/http://www.nybg.org/home_peggy-rockefeller-rose-garden.php|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Correal>{{cite news|last1=Correal|first1=Annie|title=New York Today: The Women Who Built the City|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/new-york-today-the-women-who-built-new-york|access-date=March 8, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> at [[New York Botanical Garden]], a winning site of Built by Women New York City,<ref name=Willis>{{cite web |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/2015/02/150224-beverly-willis-architecture-foundation-hosts-leadership-awards-gala-kicks-of-exhibition-6527965279.asp|title=Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation Hosts Leadership Awards Gala, Kicks off Built By Women Exhibition|work=Architectural Record|access-date=March 8, 2015}}</ref> a competition launched by the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women.