Editing Bavaria (section)

===Antiquity===
Though Bavaria has been occupied by humans since the Paleolithic era, [[Celts|Celtic tribes]] of the Bronze Age, such as the [[Boii]] were the first documented inhabitants of the [[Bavarian Alps]]. In June 2023, Archeologists discovered a bronze sword, dated to the [[14th century BC]], in a former Celtic village; its workmanship so well-preserved "it almost shines."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Article |first=Richard Whiddington ShareShare This |date=2023-06-22 |title=German Archaeologists Find a 3,000-Year-Old Bronze Age Sword So Well Preserved That It 'Almost Still Shines' |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/3000-year-old-bronze-age-sword-2323685 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}}</ref> During the early modern era, these peoples were retrospectively romanticized as the most ancient culture of Bavaria,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Races of Europe: Construction of National Identities in the Social Sciences, 1839-1939 |author1=Richard McMahon |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK| year=2016| isbn=9781137318466| page=176}}</ref> even though the [[Indo-European languages]] were relative newcomers to the region. Evidence of the ancient [[Straubing culture]], [[Únětice culture]] and [[La Tène culture]] may be found in what is Bavaria today.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Únětice Culture |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803110638139 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Penske |first1=Sandra |last2=Küßner |first2=Mario |last3=Rohrlach |first3=Adam B. |last4=Knipper |first4=Corina |last5=Nováček |first5=Jan |last6=Childebayeva |first6=Ainash |last7=Krause |first7=Johannes |last8=Haak |first8=Wolfgang |date=2024-02-16 |title=Kinship practices at the early bronze age site of Leubingenen in Central Germany |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3871 |doi=10.1038/s41598-024-54462-6 |pmid=38365887 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=10873355 |bibcode=2024NatSR..14.3871P }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Radley |first=Dario |date=2023-10-23 |title=Ancient Celtic village and Roman settlement discovered in Munich, Germany |url=https://archaeologymag.com/2023/10/ancient-celtic-village-in-munich/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Archaeology News Online Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

Archeologists know of a large Celtic [[Iron Age]] settlement which was founded in [[Feldmoching-Hasenbergl]], in the North of suburban Munich.<ref name=":1" /> Evidence suggests up to 500 people lived in the village from 450 BC.<ref name=":1" /> Local life appears to have centred around what could be a town hall or temple, and continued in different forms up to 1000 AD.<ref name=":1" /> In [[Manching]], Upper Bavaria, an unfortified and semi-urban society appears to have prospered between the [[3rd century BC]] until the early [[1st century AD]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wendling |first=Holger |date=2013 |title=Manching Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Settlement Dynamics and Urbanization in Iron Age Central Europe |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A37464C5C89EC8E2833365A0DC52CDF1/S1461957100001704a.pdf/manching-reconsidered-new-perspectives-on-settlement-dynamics-and-urbanization-in-iron-age-central-europe.pdf |journal=European Journal of Archeology |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=459–490}}</ref> The settlement featured food ovens, pottery kilns and metallurgical furnaces.<ref name=":0" /> By 200 BC the community there was active in trade—finds of coins, along with an icon-like golden tree suggest it was trading with distant Italo-Greek communities.<ref name=":0" />

In the 1st century BC, Bavaria was conquered by the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TGN Full Record Display, English (Getty Research) |url=https://www.getty.edu/vow/TGNFullDisplay?find=&place=&nation=&english=Y&subjectid=7003669 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=www.getty.edu}}</ref> An imperial military camp was built 60&nbsp;km north-west of where Munich sits today, under orders of [[Augustus|Augustus Caesar]], between 8 and 5 BC.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Gershon |first2=Livia |title=Hoard of 5,500 Roman-Era Silver Coins Unearthed in Germany |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hoard-of-5500-roman-era-coins-found-in-germany-180979086/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> The camp later became the town of [[Augusta Vindelicorum]], which would become the capital of the [[Raetia|Roman province of Raetia]].<ref name=":2" /> Another fort was founded in 60 AD, west of modern-day Manching, as evidenced by a legionnaire's sandal found near remains of an ancient fort.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jennifer Nalewicki |date=2024-06-24 |title=2,000-year-old Roman military sandal with nails for traction found in Germany |url=https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/2000-year-old-roman-military-sandal-with-nails-for-traction-found-in-germany |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}</ref> By the late [[2nd century AD]], Germanic tribes, including Marcomanni people, were pushing back on Roman forces of [[Marcus Aurelius]] and later, [[Commodus]] in the [[Marcomannic Wars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=Gabriele |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7aBGEAAAQBAJ&dq=marcomannic+wars+germanic&pg=PT147 |title=Armies of the Germanic Peoples, 200 BC–AD 500: History, Organization & Equipment |date=2022-01-30 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1-5267-7271-8 |language=en}}</ref> By 180 AD, Commodus had decided to abandon the annexed positions in Bavaria, leaving its control to Celtic and Germanic tribes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Commodus, Lucius Aurelius |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095627439 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en |doi=}}</ref>