Editing Battle of Philippi (section)

== Forces ==

=== Antony and Octavian ===
The Triumvirs' army present for the battle included nineteen legions.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}} The sources specify the name of only one legion, IV legion, but other legions present included the III, VI, VII, VIII, X Equestris, XII, XXVI, XXVIII, XXIX, and XXX, since their veterans participated in the land settlements after the battle. [[Appian]] reports that the triumvirs' legions were almost at full complement.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}} Furthermore, they had a large allied cavalry force of 13,000 horsemen.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}}

=== Liberators ===
The Liberators' army had seventeen legions; eight with Brutus and nine with Cassius. Only two of the legions were at full strength, but the army was reinforced by levies from the eastern allied kingdoms. Appian reports that the army mustered a total of about 80,000 foot-soldiers. Allied cavalry totaled 20,000 horsemen, including 5,000 bowmen mounted in the Eastern fashion.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}} 

This army included the old Caesarean legions present in the east, probably including XXVII, XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXI and XXXIII legions; so most of these legionaries were Caesarean veterans. However, at least the XXXVI legion consisted of old Pompeian veterans, enrolled in Caesar's army after the [[Battle of Pharsalus]]. The loyalty of the soldiers who were supposed to fight against Caesar's heir was a delicate issue for the Liberators.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Cassius tried to reinforce the soldiers' loyalty both with strong speeches ("Let it give no one any concern that he has been one of Caesar's soldiers. We were not his soldiers then, but our country's") and with a gift of 1,500 denarii for each legionary and 7,500 for each centurion.{{Dubious|date=December 2015|reason = Are the troops sent from Allienus and Serapion included here? If not it may be an idea to add this or also mention this as;... 4 legions helped cassius from Allienus and either 1 or All ships from Serapion aided crassius.}}

Ancient sources do not report the total numbers of men of the two armies, but it seems that they had a similar strength. [[Adrian Goldsworthy]] suggests that at full strength the 19 Triumvir legions may have amounted to 95,000 men and the 17 Liberators' legions to 85,000.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}} Most likely each side had only 40,000–50,000 legionaries.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=253}} As the campaign lasted for months, it is unlikely that either side could have sustained the [[logistics]] to keep so many men, horses and baggage animals fed if both sides had had 100,000 or so troops.{{sfn|Goldsworthy|2010|p=252}}