Editing Barisan Nasional (section)

=== Formation ===
Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to the three-party [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]] coalition formed by [[United Malays National Organisation]], [[Malaysian Chinese Association]], and [[Malaysian Indian Congress]]. It was founded in the aftermath of the [[Malaysian general election, 1969|1969 general election]] and the [[13 May Incident|13 May riots]]. The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] and [[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]], as well as [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]]. Although the Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the [[13 May incident|May 13 riots]] and the declaration of a state of emergency.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Keat Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA139|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|pages=139–}}</ref> After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and [[People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)|People's Progressive Party]], both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS) in 1973.<ref name="LiowLeifer2014"/>

The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] (Sabah Alliance Party, [[Sarawak United Peoples' Party]], [[Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu]]), was formally registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties.<ref name="cheah">{{Cite book|author=Cheah Boon Kheng|title=Malaysia: The Making of a Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA147|year=2002|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-175-8|pages=147–}}</ref> It contested the [[Malaysian general election, 1974|1974 general election]] as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister [[Tun Abdul Razak]], which it won with considerable success.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Dr Nam-Kook Kim|title=Multicultural Challenges and Redefining Identity in East Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fe8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|date=28 February 2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4724-0233-2|pages=219–}}</ref>