Editing Barbuda (section)

=== Archaic period ===
The first settlements on Barbuda date to 2,900–3,000 BC with the arrival of [[Archaic period (North America)|Archaic Age]] people.<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1hst1 |title=Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology |date=2014 |publisher=University Press of Florida |isbn=978-0-8130-4420-0 |pages=45–56 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvx1hst1 |jstor=j.ctvx1hst1 |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529034733/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1hst1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2023 |title=New Year. Old Myths? |url=https://cpoise.gov.ag/tag/caribs-arawaks/ |website=Antigua and Barbuda Cultural Information System |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Department of Culture |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529050532/https://cpoise.gov.ag/tag/caribs-arawaks/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite web |title=Prehistory of Antigua & Barbuda |url=http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/prehistoric.htm |access-date=October 9, 2023 |website=antiguahistory.net |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208141726/http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/prehistoric.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Some scholars have referred to these first settlers as [[Ciboney]] or Siboney.<ref name=":25" /><ref name="Amerindians" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-amerindian-presence/ |title=the amerindian presence |access-date=August 3, 2023 |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801231147/https://barbudaful.net/barbudaful-history/the-amerindian-presence/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other scholars say these people were not the Ciboney, who inhabited [[Cuba]], [[Jamaica]], and [[Haiti]], and thus refer to them as Archaic Age people, "Archaic People", or first settlers.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":27" /> These first settlers arrived in Barbuda by canoe and were hunter-gatherers. Sources disagree on whether they came from South America or the Greater Antilles,<ref>Vincent Rousseau, Allison Bain, Jacques Chabot, S. Grouard, Sophia Perdikaris. [https://hal.science/hal-03047122/document The Role of Barbuda in the Settlement of the Leeward Islands: Lithic and Shell Analysis Along the Strombus Line Shell Midden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906080744/https://hal.science/hal-03047122/document |date=September 6, 2024 }}. Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, 2017, 17, pp.1-25.</ref><ref>Hofman, C. L., Bright, A. J. and M. L. P. Hoogland. 2006. Archipelagic Resource Procurement and Mobility in the Northern Lesser Antilles: The View from a 3000-year-old Tropical Forest Campsite on Saba. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 1:145-164.</ref><ref>Hofman, C. L., Mol, A., Rodríguez Ramos, R. and S. Knippenberg. 2011. Networks Set in Stone: Archaic-Ceramic interaction in the early prehistoric northeastern Caribbean. Actes du 24e Congrès de l'Association Internationale d'Archéologie de la Caraïbe, pp. 157- 165. Martinique</ref> or from the [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]] region of Mexico.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ichen |date=November 10, 2016 |title=What About Barbuda? |url=https://www.auamed.org/blog/what-about-barbuda/ |access-date=August 1, 2023 |website=American University of Antigua |language=en-US |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801235152/https://www.auamed.org/blog/what-about-barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Artifacts from the Archaic period include cutting blades made from [[Gastropoda|gastropods]], along with [[Hoe (tool)|hoes]], [[Pick (tool)|picks]], and water containers constructed from [[conch]], [[Ranellidae|trumpet]], and [[whelk]] shells.<ref name="Amerindians" /><ref name=":1" /> Archeological sites have been discovered on the southwest coast of Barbuda, from Coco Point up to River, and the southeast corner of the Lagoon.<ref name=":1" /> Additional habitat locations have been found in Codrington, River, Sucking Hole, Factory, and Goat Pen along the coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbuda – Antigua Sugar Mills |url=https://sugarmills.blogs.bucknell.edu/barbuda/ |access-date=August 1, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801231139/https://sugarmills.blogs.bucknell.edu/barbuda/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kras |first=Sara Louise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnItHSAgevMC&dq=amerindians+on+barbuda&pg=PA23 |title=Antigua and Barbuda |date=2008 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-2570-0 |language=en |access-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906080748/https://books.google.com/books?id=TnItHSAgevMC&dq=amerindians+on+barbuda&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q=amerindians%20on%20barbuda&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> At Boiling Rocks, close to [[Spanish Point (Barbuda)|Spanish Point]], more recent human remains that were carbon-dated as being 3,100 years old were discovered.<ref name=":1" />