Editing Barbecue (section)

==History==
Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés was the first to use the word ''barbecoa'' in print in Spain in 1526 in the ''Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española''. After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards apparently found [[Taíno]] roasting meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks above a fire. This framework was also used to store food above ground and for sleeping. The flames and smoke rose and enveloped the meat, giving it a certain flavor.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peters|first1=Philip Dickenson|title=Caribbean Wow 2.0|date=2003|publisher=House of Zagada|location=Coral Gables, Fla.|isbn=9781929970049|page=27|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXbo9H6t1TcC&q=barbecue+Haiti+barbacoa+Columbus&pg=PA69|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> Spaniards called the framework a barbacoa.

Another form of ''barbacoa'' involves digging a hole in the ground, burning logs in it and placing stones in it to absorb and retain heat. Large cuts of meat, often wrapped in leaves, often a whole [[Goat meat|goat]] or [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], are placed above a pot so the juices can be used to make a broth. It is then covered with [[Agave americana|maguey]] leaves and coal, and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. [[Olaudah Equiano]], an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the "Mosquito people" ([[Miskito people]]) on his journeys to [[Cabo Gracias a Dios]] on the Mosquito Coast, in his narrative ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Equino|first1=Olaudah|title=The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano|date=2012|publisher=Start Publishing LLC|location=Lanham|isbn=978-1625584717|page=316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkjCHNpp0woC|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref>

Linguists have suggested the word was [[loanword|loaned]] successively into [[Spanish language|Spanish]], then [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]], and [[English language|English]]. In the form ''barbacado'', the word was used in English in 1648 by the supposed Beauchamp Plantagenet in the tract ''A description of the province of New Albion'': "the Indians in stead of salt doe barbecado or dry and smoak fish".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Plantagenet|first1=Beauchamp|title=A description of the province of New Albion|date=1648|chapter=4|url=http://www.virtualjamestown.org/exist/cocoon/jamestown/fha/J1053|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>

According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the first recorded use in modern form was in 1661, in [[Edmund Hickeringill]]'s ''Jamaica Viewed'': "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat";<ref name="OED" /> it also appears in 1672 in the writings of [[John Lederer]] following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669–1670.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lederer|first1=John|title=The Discoveries of John Lederer|date=1672|page=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAsOAAAAIAAJ&q=barbecue|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref> 

The first known use as a noun was in 1697 by the English buccaneer [[William Dampier]]. In his ''New Voyage Round the World'', Dampier wrote, "and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot [{{Convert|3|ft|m|disp=output only}}] from the Ground".<ref name="Dampier">{{cite book|last1=Dampier|first1=William|title=A New Voyage Round the World|publisher=Ripol Classic|isbn=1148385150|page=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-LuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref>

As early as the 1730s, [[Puritans|New England Puritans]] were familiar with barbecue, as on 4 November 1731, New London, Connecticut, resident Joshua Hempstead wrote in his diary: "I was at Madm Winthrops at an Entertainment, or Treat of Colln [Colonel] or Samll Brownes a Barbaqued."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hempstead |first=Joshua |title=Diary of Joshua Hempstead of New London, Connecticut |publisher=New London County Historical Society |year=1901 |isbn=9780259727545 |pages=241}}</ref> [[Samuel Johnson]]'s 1755 dictionary gave the following definitions:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Samuel|title=A dictionary of the English language|date=1756|publisher=Oxford University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwwUAAAAQAAJ&q=ba%27rbecue|page=70|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref>

* "To Barbecue&nbsp;– a term for dressing a whole [[Pig|hog]]" (attestation to Pope)
* "Barbecue&nbsp;– a hog dressed whole"
While the standard modern English spelling of the word is ''barbecue'', variations including ''barbeque'' and truncations such as ''bar-b-q'' or ''BBQ'' may also be found.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.storysouth.com/winter2003/bbqframe.html |title= southern barbecue BBQ culture and foodways |website=storySouth|date=5 April 2002 |access-date=6 September 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911130528/http://www.storysouth.com/winter2003/bbqframe.html|archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> The spelling ''barbeque'' is given in [[Merriam-Webster]] as a variant, whereas the Oxford Dictionaries explain that it is a misspelling which is not accepted in standard English and is best avoided.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/barbeque |title=Barbeque |publisher= Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |access-date=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106031235/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/barbecue |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 November 2010 |title=Definition of barbecue |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)|date=24 June 2013 |access-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> In the Southeastern [[United States]], the word barbecue is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the Southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked.<ref>{{cite journal|title=America searches for the perfect barbecue|journal=Newsweek|date=May 1984|volume=103|issue=19–26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3DuAAAAMAAJ&q=barbecue+meaning+southeast+pork|access-date=12 December 2015}}{{Page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref>