Editing Banksia (section)

==Taxonomy==
{{main|Taxonomy of Banksia}}
Specimens of ''Banksia'' were first collected by [[Joseph Banks|Sir Joseph Banks]] and [[Daniel Solander]], naturalists on the ''[[HM Bark Endeavour|Endeavour]]'' during Lieutenant (later Captain) [[James Cook]]'s first voyage to the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Cook landed on Australian soil for the first time on 29 April 1770, at a place that he later named [[Botany Bay]] in recognition of "the great quantity of plants Mr Banks and Dr Solander found in this place".<ref name="Wharton 1893">{{cite book | author = Cook, James | year = 1893 | editor = William J. L. Wharton | title = Captain Cook's Journal during his First Voyage Round the World made in H. M. Bark "Endeavour" 1768–71: A Literal Transcription of the Original MSS | location = London | publisher = E. Stock | author-link = James Cook| title-link = Wikisource:Captain Cook's Journal, First Voyage }}</ref> Over the next seven weeks, Banks and Solander collected thousands of plant specimens, including the first specimens of a new genus that would later be named ''Banksia'' in Banks' honour. Four species were present in this first collection: ''[[Banksia serrata|B.&nbsp;serrata]]'' (Saw Banksia), ''[[Banksia integrifolia|B.&nbsp;integrifolia]]'' (Coast Banksia), ''[[Banksia ericifolia|B.&nbsp;ericifolia]]'' (Heath-leaved Banksia) and ''[[Banksia robur|B.&nbsp;robur]]'' (Swamp Banksia). In June the ship was [[careening|careened]] at [[Endeavour River]], where specimens of ''[[Banksia dentata|B.&nbsp;dentata]]'' (Tropical Banksia) were collected.{{sfn|Wrigley|Fagg|1991|p=80}}

The genus ''Banksia'' was finally described and named by [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger]] in his April 1782 publication ''[[Supplementum Plantarum]]''; hence the [[Binomial nomenclature#Authorship in scientific names|full name]] for the genus is "''Banksia'' L.f.". Linnaeus placed the genus in class [[Linnaean taxonomy#Classification of plants|Tetrandra]], order Monogynia of his father's classification,<ref name="L.f. 1782">{{cite book | author = Carolus Linnaeus the Younger | year = 1782 | title = Supplementum Plantarum Systema Vegetabilium Editionis Decima Tertia, Generum Plantarum Editionis Fexta, Et Specierum Plantarum Editionis Secunda | location = Brunsvigae |publisher = Orphanotrophei| title-link = Supplementum Plantarum | author-link = Carolus Linnaeus the Younger }}</ref> and named it in honour of Banks.  The name ''Banksia'' had in fact already been published in 1775 as ''Banksia'' [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst]], referring to some [[New Zealand]] species that the Forsters had collected during Cook's second voyage. However Linnaeus incorrectly attributed the Forsters' specimens to the genus ''[[Passerina (plant)|Passerina]]'', and therefore considered the name ''Banksia'' available for use. By the time [[Joseph Gaertner]] corrected Banks' error in 1788, ''Banksia'' L.f. was widely known and accepted, so Gaertner [[nomen novum|renamed]] ''Banksia'' J.R.Forst, & G.Forst to ''[[Pimelea]]'', a name previously chosen for the genus by Banks and Solander.<ref name="Salkin 1981">{{cite journal | author = Salkin, Abraham Isaac (Alf) | year = 1981 | title = A Short History of the Discovery and Naming of Banksias in Eastern Australia: Part I, Banks & Solander | journal = Victorian Naturalist | volume = 98 | issue = 2}}</ref>

The first specimens of a ''Dryandra'' were collected by [[Archibald Menzies]], surgeon and naturalist to the [[Vancouver Expedition]]. At the request of [[Joseph Banks]], Menzies collected natural history specimens wherever possible during the voyage. During September and October 1791, while the expedition were anchored at [[King George Sound]], he collected numerous plant specimens, including the first specimens of ''[[Banksia sessilis|Dryandra&nbsp;(''now'' Banksia)&nbsp;sessilis]]'' (Parrotbush) and ''[[Banksia pellaeifolia|D.&nbsp;(''now'' Banksia)&nbsp;pellaeifolia]]''. Upon Menzies' return to England, he turned his specimens over to Banks; as with most other specimens in Banks' library, they remained undescribed for many years.<ref name="Cavanagh 2006">{{Cite book | author = Cavanagh, Tony and [[Margaret Pieroni]] | year = 2006 | title = The Dryandras | publisher = Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia | isbn = 978-1-876473-54-9}}</ref> Robert Brown gave a lecture, naming the new genus ''Dryandra'' in 1809, however [[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Joseph Knight]] published the name ''Josephia'' before Brown published his paper with the description of ''Dryandra''. Brown ignored Knight's name, as did subsequent botanists.{{sfn|Wrigley|Fagg|1991|pp=151-152}}

In 1891, [[Otto Kuntze]], strictly applying the [[principle of priority]], argued that ''Pimelea'' should revert to the name ''Banksia'' J.R.Forst & G.Forst. He proposed the new genus ''Sirmuellera'' to replaced ''Banksia'' L.f. and transferred its species to the new genus.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuntze |first=Otto |authorlink=Otto Kuntze |title=Revisio generum plantarum |volume=2 |publisher=Arthur Felix |location=Leipzig |year=1891 |pages=581–582 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4004}}</ref> This arrangement was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rehder |first1=A. |authorlink1=Alfred Rehder |last2=Weatherby |first2=C. A. |authorlink2=Charles Alfred Weatherby |last3=Mansfeld |first3=R. |authorlink3=Rudolf Mansfeld |last4=Green |first4=M. L. |authorlink4=Mary Letitia Green |title=Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) |year=1935 |volume=1935 |issue=6/9 |page=368 |doi=10.2307/4107078 |jstor=4107078}}</ref>''Banksia'' L.f. was [[conserved name|formally conserved]] and ''Sirmuellera'' rejected in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sprague |first=T. A. |authorlink=Thomas Archibald Sprague |title=Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae) |journal=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=1940 |volume=1940 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/4111642 |jstor=4111642 |page=99}}</ref>

''Banksia'' belongs to the family [[Proteaceae]], subfamily [[Grevilleoideae]], and tribe [[Banksieae]]. There are around 170 species. The closest relatives of ''Banksia'' are two genera of rainforest trees in North Queensland (''[[Musgravea]]'' and ''[[Austromuellera]]'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sauquet |first1=Hervé |last2=Weston |first2=Peter H. |last3=Anderson |first3=Cajsa Lisa |last4=Barker |first4=Nigel P. |last5=Cantrill |first5=David J. |last6=Mast |first6=Austin R. |last7=Savolainen |first7=Vincent |title=Contrasted patterns of hyperdiversification in Mediterranean hotspots |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=221–225 |year=2009 |pmid=19116275 |pmc=2629191 |jstor=40272344 |bibcode=2009PNAS..106..221S |doi=10.1073/pnas.0805607106 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Subgeneric arrangement===
[[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] arranged the genus into two subgenera—subgenus ''Isostylis'' (containing ''B. ilicifolia'', ''B. oligantha'' and ''B. cuneata'') and subgenus ''Banksia'' (containing all other species except those he considered dryandras)—in his 1981 monograph and 1999 treatment for the Flora of Australia series. He held that flower morphology was the key to relationships in the genus. Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele published the official merging of ''Dryandra'' within ''Banksia'' in 2007, recalibrating the genus into subgenus ''Banksia'' and subgenus ''Spathulatae''.<ref name="Mast & Thiele 2007">{{cite journal | first1 = Austin R. | last1 = Mast |last2=Thiele |first2=Kevin R.|date=2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–71 | issn = 1030-1887 | doi=10.1071/SB06016}}</ref>