Editing Balance disorder (section)

==Causes==
Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

===Related to the ear===
[[File:Balance Disorder Illustration A.png|thumb|Different sections of semicircular canals. [[Utricle (ear)|utricle]] and [[saccule]] are indicated by circles.|226x226px]]
Causes of dizziness related to the ear are often characterized by vertigo (spinning) and nausea. [[pathologic nystagmus|Nystagmus]] (flickering of the eye, related to the Vestibulo-ocular reflex [VOR]) is often seen in patients with an acute peripheral cause of dizziness.{{cn|date=December 2021}}
* [[Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo|Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]] (BPPV) – The most common cause of vertigo.  It is typically described as a brief, intense sensation of spinning that occurs when there are changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity. An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right, upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf.<ref name="Bhattacharyya">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bhattacharyya N, Baugh RF, Orvidas L, Barrs D, Bronston LJ, Cass S, Chalian AA, Desmond AL, Earll JM, Fife TD, Fuller DC, Judge JO, Mann NR, Rosenfeld RM, Schuring LT, Steiner RW, Whitney SL, Haidari J | title = Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo | journal = Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | volume = 139 | issue = 5 Suppl 4 | pages = S47–81 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18973840 | doi = 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.08.022 | s2cid = 16175316 }}
*{{lay source |template=cite press release|url= http://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/aaoo-edr102808.php |title = ENT doctors release national guideline on treatment for common cause of dizziness  |date = November 1, 2008|website = EurekAlert.org }}</ref> The cause of BPPV is the presence of normal but misplaced calcium crystals called [[otoconia]], which are normally found in the [[Utricle (ear)|utricle]] and [[saccule]] (the otolith organs) and are used to sense movement. If they fall from the utricle and become loose in the [[semicircular canals]], they can distort the sense of movement and cause a mismatch between actual head movement and the information sent to the brain by the inner ear, causing a spinning sensation.<ref name="Bhattacharyya" />

=== Migraine ===
[[Migraine]] headaches are a common [[neurological disease]]. Although typical migraines are characterized by moderate to severe throbbing [[headaches]], vestibular migraines may be accompanied by symptoms of vestibular disorders such as dizziness, disequilibrium, nausea, and [[vomiting]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Balance disorders and migraine|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37263900/|journal=Musculoskeletal Science & Practice|date=August 2023|issn=2468-7812|pmid=37263900|pages=102783|volume=66|doi=10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102783|first1=Gabriela F.|last1=Carvalho|first2=Kerstin|last2=Luedtke|first3=Debora|last3=Bevilaqua-Grossi}}</ref>

===Presyncope===

[[Presyncope]] is a feeling of lightheadedness or simply feeling faint.  Syncope, by contrast, is actually fainting. A circulatory system deficiency, such as low blood pressure, can contribute to a feeling of dizziness when one suddenly stands up.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balance Disorders Symptoms, Causes, Treatment – What are the symptoms of a balance disorder? |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/vestibular_balance_disorders/page2.htm#what_causes_a_balance_disorder |access-date=2014-03-02 |publisher=MedicineNet}}</ref>