Editing Baden bei Wien (section)

==History==
The celebrity of Baden dates back to the days of the [[ancient Rome|Roman]]s, who knew it by the name of '''{{lang|la|Aquae Cetiae}}'''{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} or '''{{lang|la|Thermae Pannonicae}}'''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} Some ruins are still visible.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} The settlement was mentioned as '''Padun''' in a deed from AD&nbsp;869. The nearby [[Heiligenkreuz Abbey|abbey of Heiligenkreuz]]'s [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church was constructed in the 11th century; it subsequently served as the burial place for members of the [[Babenberg]] family.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} The castle Rauheneck was constructed on the right bank of the river at the entrance to the valley in the 12th century; the castle [[Burgruine Rauhenstein|Rauhenstein]] was built on the opposite bank at the same time.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} The town received its [[town privileges|legal privileges]] in 1480.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} Although repeatedly sacked by [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]], it soon flourished again each time.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=184}} 

[[File:Baden in 1-25.000, Stand 1901 kleine Datei.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A map of Baden in 1901]]
The town was largely destroyed by a fire in 1812 but was excellently rebuilt{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} in a [[Biedermeier]] style according to plans by architect [[Joseph Kornhäusel]], it is therefore sometimes referred to as the "'''Biedermeierstadt'''". [[Archduke Charles]], the victor of [[Battle of Aspern|Aspern]], constructed the  [[Weilburg Palace]] at the foot of Rauheneck between 1820 and 1825.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} In the 19th century, it was connected to the railway running between [[Vienna]] and [[Graz]], which led to thousands of Viennese visiting each year to take the waters, including members of the [[Habsburg Dynasty|imperial family]], who constructed extensive villas nearby.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}<ref name = "nominate">{{cite report |title = Nomination of the Great Spas of Europe for inclusion on the World Heritage List | publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1613/documents/ |access-date = 21 August 2021}}</ref> In 1820, the Sauerhof became the first freestanding spa hotel in Europe.<ref name = "nominate"/> The composer [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] stayed a number of times in Baden and his residences still form local tourist spots. The location at Rathausgasse 10 now forms a museum open to the public.{{refn|group=n|Other street addresses include Antonsgasse 4, Braitnerstrasse 26, Frauengasse 10, Johannesgasse 12, Kaiser Franz Ring 9, and Weilburgstrasse 13.}} [[Mayerling]], a hunting lodge about {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} up the valley, was the site of [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria|Crown Prince Rudolf]]'s [[Mayerling Incident|murder-suicide]] in 1889.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} Its primary export in the 19th century were [[steel]] [[razor]]s, which were reckoned of excellent quality.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}

[[File:Baden bei Wien - Stadttheater.JPG|thumb|left|200px|The City Theater (''{{lang|de|Stadttheater}}'')]]
[[File:Baden bei Wien - Casino (4).JPG|thumb|right|240px|The 1934 casino]]
The town boasted a theater, military hospital, and [[casino]], all constructed in the late 1800s and early 1900s.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}<ref name = "nominate"/> The City Theater (''{{lang|de|Stadttheater}}'') was built in 1909 by [[Ferdinand Fellner]]. By the time of the [[First World War]], Baden was Vienna's principal resort: {{nowrap|20&thinsp;000}} came each year, double the town's local population.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} In addition to a modern "spa house" (''{{lang|de|Kurhaus}}''), there were 15 separate bathing establishments and several parks.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=183}} During the war, Baden served as a temporary seat of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian]] high command. A new casino in 1934 made the town the premier resort throughout Austria.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Château Weilburg was destroyed during World War II. After [[World War II]], Baden served as the headquarters of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces within [[Allied-administered Austria|occupied Austria]] until 1955.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}