Editing Baccarat, Meurthe-et-Moselle (section)

==History==
[[File:Treatment room for gassed patients at American Evacuation Hospital Number 2, Baccarat, France., 06-08-1918 - NARA - 530729.tif|thumb|right|American Hospital No. 2 in Baccarat specialised in the treatment of patients "gassed" by chemical weapons during the [[First World War]], 8 June 1918]]

Baccarat was originally a suburb of the city of [[Deneuvre]] which has Roman origins. The name ''Baccarat'' comes perhaps from ''Bacchi-ara'' ("Altar of Bacchus") which was the name of a Roman [[castellum]] of which there remains a relic called the ''Tower of Bacha'' on the heights of Deneuvre.

The [[Castellany]] belonged to the [[Diocese of Metz]]. In 1305 Henri, first lord of [[Blâmont]] from the [[House of Salm]], dedicated Deneuvre for the Bishop of Metz and, to ensure its safety, he built the '''Tower of Voués''' at the bottom of the spur. A suburb formed at its foot: this was the origin of Baccarat (which has been spelt ''Bacquarat, Bakarroit, Beckarrat'', and ''Backarrat''). The name ''Baccarat'' appeared for the first time in 1291.

In 1459 the city was best known for its [[draper]]s as well as wine. [[Louis XV]] authorized the creation of a glassworks in 1764 at the instigation of the Bishop of Metz who was anxious to sell the important local production of firewood. A glassworks named Antoine Renaut responded to the authorisation. The works became a crystal glassworks in 1817 and was sold to the ''Compagnie des Cristalleries'' in 1881 subsequently achieving worldwide fame under the name of [[Baccarat (company)|Baccarat]]. The growing number of workers enabled the development of the commune with the construction of housing, schools, shops, roads, and small industries but the war marked a halt to this development.

On the eve of the [[First World War]] the city was home to the 20th Batailion of Foot Chasseurs at the Haxo barracks - some buildings of which remain today. The period between the two world wars was marked by the construction of the church, the bridge, and the town hall (1924). During the [[Second World War]] there was much damage to the city including the destruction of the church in October 1944. Liberated by the French [[2nd Armored Division (France)|2nd Armoured Division]] on 31 October 1944, the city resumed its industrial expansion in 1945. The reconstruction of the church was done in 1953.

===Heraldry===
{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason baccarat 54.svg
|legend1=Arms of Baccarat 
|text=These are the Arms of the chapter of the cathedral at Metz who owned the lordship, together with a stemmed glass symbolising the crystal glass industry.

'''Blazon:'''<br/>
''Party per fesse, 1 Gules a dexter arm hand Carnation armed Argent holding a sword the same hilt and pommel Or between two roundels the same; 2 Azure a goblet Argent.''
}}