Editing BDSM (section)

=== Terminology and subtypes ===
[[File:Bondage model and rigger at BoundCon 2015 custom photoshoot 8.jpg|thumb|A male [[bondage rigger]] demonstrates to the audience how to do [[rope bondage]] at the 2015 [[BoundCon]] event in Germany. The bondage technique used here is [[Ushiro Takatekote|box tie]], a basic form of arm and [[breast bondage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.restrainedelegance.com/preview/lexicon1/icons/index.php|title=The Restrained Elegance lexicon of slavegirl bondage poses and positions|website=www.restrainedelegance.com|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823184337/http://www.restrainedelegance.com/preview/lexicon1/icons/index.php|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

The initialism ''BDSM'' appeared for the first time in 1983 in the scientific paper "S and M: Studies in Dominance and Submission" by Thomas Weinberg.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcet |first1=Maria Eugenia |year=2017 |title=	Processos de construcción de identidades en una comunidad BDSM in Buenos Aires
|url=https://onteaiken.com.ar/ver/boletin24/onteaiken24-09.pdf |access-date=16 February 2025 |journal=Boletín Onteiaken |publisher=[[National University of Córdoba]] |language=es |issue=24}}</ref> It was later popularized in a list of frequent questions for the site alt.sex.bondageFAQ and reposted between 1995 and 1997 in the forum  soc.subculture.bondage-bdsm.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Renata de Oliveira |year=2021 |title=	A importância dos elementos simbólicos no traje da mulher dominadora na prática do BDSM
|url=https://repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/68954/3/2021_tcc_rosantos.pdf |access-date=15 February 2025|journal=Final paper in Design-Fashion |publisher=[[Federal University of Ceará]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> It stands for:<ref name="J. Shrage">[https://books.google.com/books?id=MNMRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT254 Philosophizing About Sex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512115359/https://books.google.com/books?id=MNMRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT244 |date=12 May 2023 }}, PT 254</ref>
* [[Bondage (BDSM)|Bondage]] and [[Discipline (BDSM)|discipline]] (''B&D'')
* [[Dominance and submission]] (''D&s'')
* [[Sadomasochism]] (or ''S&M'')
These terms replaced ''sadomasochism'', as they more broadly cover BDSM activities and focus on the submissive roles instead of psychological pain.<ref name="J. Shrage"/> The model is only an attempt at phenomenological differentiation. Individual tastes and preferences in the area of [[human sexuality]] may overlap among these areas.

Under the initialism BDSM, these psychological and physiological facets are also included:
*[[Male dominance (BDSM)|Male dominance]]
*[[Male submission]]
*[[Female dominance]]
*[[Female submission]]

The term ''bondage'' describes the practice of physical restraint. Bondage is usually, but not always, a sexual practice.<ref>Matthias T. J. Grimme: ''Das Bondage-Handbuch. Anleitung zum erotischen Fesseln''. Charon-Verlag, Hamburg 1999, {{ISBN|978-3-931406-16-5}}. (German)</ref> While bondage is a very popular variation within the larger field of BDSM, it is nevertheless sometimes differentiated from the rest of this field.<ref>Lee "Bridgett" Harrington: ''Shibari You Can Use: Japanese Rope Bondage and Erotic Macramé'', Mystic Productions 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-615-14490-0}}.</ref> A 2015 study of over 1,000 Canadians showed that about half of all men held fantasies of bondage, and almost half of all women did as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Joyal|first1=Christian C.|last2=Cossette|first2=Amélie|last3=Lapierre|first3=Vanessa|date=February 2015|title=What Exactly Is an Unusual Sexual Fantasy?|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|volume=12|issue=#2|pages=328–340|doi=10.1111/jsm.12734|pmid=25359122|s2cid=33785479 |issn=1743-6095}}</ref> In a strict sense, bondage means binding the partner by tying their appendages together; for example, by the use of handcuffs or ropes, or by lashing their arms to an object. Bondage can also be achieved by spreading the appendages and fastening them with chains or ropes to a [[Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM)|St. Andrew's cross]] or [[spreader bar]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Jay |last=Wiseman |title=Jay Wiseman's Erotic Bondage Handbook |publisher=Greenery Press |location=CA |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-890159-13-9 }}</ref>

The term ''discipline'' describes the use of rules and punishment to control overt behaviour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-24 |title=Definition of DISCIPLINE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discipline |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Punishment can be pain caused physically (such as caning), humiliation caused psychologically (such as a public flagellation) or loss of freedom caused physically (for example, chaining the submissive partner to the foot of a bed). Another aspect is the structured training of the bottom.<ref>Bill Henkin, Sybil Holiday: ''Consensual Sadomasochism: How to Talk About It and How to Do It Safely'', page 71, Daedalus Publishing Company, 1996, {{ISBN|978-1-881943-12-9}}.</ref>

[[Dominance and submission (BDSM)|Dominance and submission]] (also known as ''D&s'', ''Ds'' or ''D/s'') is a set of behaviours, customs and rituals relating to the giving and accepting of control of one individual over another in an erotic or lifestyle context. It explores the more mental aspect of BDSM. This is also the case in many relationships not considering themselves as sadomasochistic; it is considered to be a part of BDSM if it is practiced purposefully. The range of its individual characteristics is thereby wide.<ref name=BBC20050922 >{{cite news |title=Face to face: Dominatrix and submissive |date=22 September 2005 |newspaper=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4271098.stm |access-date=22 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226171611/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4271098.stm |archive-date=26 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Bent forward strappado.jpg|thumb|[[Strappado bondage|Strappado]] with rope and a spreader bar. This practice has a distinct effect of immobilization and pain.]]

Often, [[Contract (BDSM)|BDSM contracts]] are set out in writing to record the formal consent of the parties to the power exchange, stating their common vision of the relationship dynamic.<ref name="bdsmdict" /> The purpose of this kind of agreement is primarily to encourage discussion and negotiation in advance and then to document that understanding for the benefit of all parties. Such documents have not been recognized as being legally binding, nor are they intended to be. These agreements are binding in the sense that the parties have the expectation that the negotiated rules will be followed. Often other friends and community members may witness the signing of such a document in a ceremony, and so parties violating their agreement can result in loss of face, respect or status with their friends in the community.

In general, as compared to conventional relationships, BDSM participants go to greater lengths to negotiate the important aspects of their relationships in advance, and to contribute significant effort toward learning about and following safe practices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.evilmonk.org/a/wiseman10.cfm |title=Negotiation and Negotiation Forms |last1=Wiseman |first1=Jay |access-date=26 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202013015/http://www.evilmonk.org/a/wiseman10.cfm |archive-date=2 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In D/s, the dominant is the top and the submissive is the bottom. In S/M, the sadist is usually the top and the masochist the bottom, but these roles are frequently more complicated or jumbled (as in the case of being dominant, masochists who may arrange for their submissive to carry out S/M activities on them). As in B/D, the declaration of the top/bottom may be required, though sadomasochists may also play without any power exchange at all, with both partners equally in control of the play.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}