Editing Australian Signals Directorate (section)

==Roles and responsibilities==
The principal functions of ASD are to collect and disseminate foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) and to provide information security products and services to the Australian Government and [[Australian Defence Force]] (ADF), its foreign partners and militaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsd.gov.au/aboutdsd/index.htm |title=About DSD: DSD Defence Signals Directorate |work=dsd.gov.au |date=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201190738/http://www.dsd.gov.au/aboutdsd/index.htm |archive-date=1 December 2011 }}</ref>

ASD operates at least three receiving stations: 
* the [[Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station]] (ADSCS), located at Kojarena, near [[Geraldton]], [[Western Australia]],
* the [[Shoal Bay Receiving Station]], located at [[Shoal Bay, Northern Territory]],<ref name="CT20131031"/> and 
* a small station on the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]].<ref name="CT20131031">{{cite news |last=Dorling |first=Philip |url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/listening-post-revealed-on-cocos-islands-20131031-2wlyz.html |title=Listening post revealed on Cocos Islands |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=1 November 2013 |access-date=1 November 2013 |archive-date=14 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114095119/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/listening-post-revealed-on-cocos-islands-20131031-2wlyz.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

ASD also maintains a workforce at [[Pine Gap]] in central Australia.<ref name="PineGap">{{cite news|last1=Leslie|first1=Tim|last2=Corcoran|first2=Mark|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-08/australian-nsa-involvement-explained/5079786|title=Explained: Australia's involvement with the NSA, the US spy agency at heart of global scandal|publisher=ABC|date=19 November 2013|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref>

ADSCS and Shoal Bay are part of the United States [[SIGINT|signals intelligence]] and [[ECHELON]] analysis network.<ref>{{cite news |title= Tracking down the masters of terror |url= http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/16/1047749659596.html |work= [[The Age]] |date=17 March 2003 |access-date=2008-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Gary |last=Adshead |title=Secret WA spy base |work=The Sunday Times (Perth) |date=10 June 2001 |page=20}}</ref> These stations also contribute signals intelligence for many Australian Government bodies, as well as the other UKUSA partners.

[[Electronic warfare]] operators in the [[Royal Australian Corps of Signals]] work closely with ASD. [[7th Signal Regiment (Australia)|7 Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare)]] at Borneo Barracks, {{QLDcity|Cabarlah}}, [[Queensland]] is also associated with ASD.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Slocombe|first=Geoff|title=Cyber security: Australian signals directorate (ASD) is in the defensive and offensive front-line|journal=Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter|pages=34–36}}</ref>

In addition, it has been reported that many Australian embassies and overseas missions also house small facilities which provide a flow of signals intelligence to ASD.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dorling |first=Philip |title= Exposed: Australia's Asia spy network |url= http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/exposed-australias-asia-spy-network-20131030-2whia.html |access-date=2 November 2013 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=31 October 2013}}</ref>

===UKUSA Agreement (Five Eyes)===
{{more|Five Eyes}}
Australia joined the [[UKUSA Agreement]] in 1948,<ref>{{cite press release|title=Declassified UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Documents Available|url=http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/press_room/2010/ukusa.shtml|publisher=[[National Security Agency]]|date=24 June 2010|access-date=25 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716140847/http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/press_room/2010/ukusa.shtml|archive-date=16 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> a multilateral agreement for cooperation in [[signals intelligence]] between [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]]. The alliance is also known as the [[Five Eyes]].<ref name="fiveeyes1">{{cite web|last=Cox |first=James |title=Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community |url=http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204055230/http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-04 |publisher=[[Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute]] |date=December 2012 }}</ref> Other countries, known as "third parties", such as [[West Germany]], the Philippines, and several [[Nordic countries]] also joined the UKUSA community.<ref name="Guardian 2010"/><ref name="Gallagher 2014-06-18">{{cite web|last=Gallagher |first= Ryan|title=How Secret Partners Expand NSA's Surveillance Dragnet|url=https://firstlook.org/theintercept/article/2014/06/18/nsa-surveillance-secret-cable-partners-revealed-rampart-a|website=The Intercept|date=2014-06-19|access-date=2014-09-27}}</ref> As the Agreement was a secret treaty, its existence was not even disclosed to the [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian Prime Minister]] until 1973, when [[Gough Whitlam]] insisted on seeing it.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Jordan Chittley  |author2=Kevin Newman |name-list-style=amp |title=Canada's role in secret intelligence alliance Five Eyes|url=http://knlive.ctvnews.ca/mobile/the-knlive-hub/canada-s-role-in-secret-intelligence-alliance-five-eyes-1.1489170|publisher=[[CTV News]]|access-date=20 October 2013}}</ref> The existence of the UKUSA Agreement was discovered by the Australian government during the [[1973 Murphy raids]] on the headquarters of the [[Australian Security Intelligence Organisation]] (ASIO). After learning about the agreement, Whitlam discovered that [[Pine Gap]], a secret surveillance station close to Alice Springs, Australia, had been operated by the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA).<ref>{{cite news|last=Ley|first=Jenny|title=Australia and America: a 50-year affair|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/31/1043804523405.html|work=[[The Age]]|access-date=30 January 2014|date=1 February 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gill|first=Peter|title=Policing Politics: Security Intelligence and the Liberal Democratic State|year=1994|publisher=Cass|location=London u.a.|isbn=0-7146-3490-5|page=198|edition=1. publ.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Leslie| first=Tim|title=Explained: Australia's involvement with the NSA, the US spy agency at heart of global scandal| date=8 November 2013|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-08/australian-nsa-involvement-explained/5079786|quote=Its existence was allegedly so secret that prime ministers were unaware of the agreement until 1973 – the same year the Commonwealth raided ASIO|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Pugh|first=Michael C.|title=The ANZUS Crisis, Nuclear Visiting and Deterrence|url=https://archive.org/details/anzuscrisisnucle00pugh|url-access=limited|year=1989|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-34355-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/anzuscrisisnucle00pugh/page/n64 46]|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> Pine Gap is now operated jointly by both Australia and the United States.

The existence of the Agreement was not disclosed to the public until 2005.<ref name="timecoldwar">{{cite magazine|last=Adam White|title=How a Secret Spy Pact Helped Win the Cold War|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2000262,00.html|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=29 June 2010}}</ref> On 25 June 2010, for the first time, the full text of the agreement was publicly released by the United Kingdom and the United States, and can now be [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukusa/ viewed online].<ref name="Guardian 2010">{{cite news|last=Norton-Taylor|first=Richard|title=Not so secret: deal at the heart of UK-US intelligence|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/25/intelligence-deal-uk-us-released|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 June 2010|access-date=25 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Newly released GCHQ files: UKUSA Agreement|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukusa/|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|date=June 2010|quote=The files contain details of the recently avowed UKUSA Agreement – the top secret, post-war arrangement for sharing intelligence between the United States and the UK. Signed by representatives of the London Signals Intelligence Board and its American counterpart in March 1946, the UKUSA Agreement is without parallel in the Western intelligence world and formed the basis for co-operation between the two countries throughout the Cold War.}}</ref> Under the agreement, ASD's intelligence is shared with UKUSA [[signals intelligence]] partner agencies: 
* the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA){{spaced ndash}}United States, 
* the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ){{spaced ndash}}United Kingdom, 
* the [[Communications Security Establishment]] (CSE){{spaced ndash}}Canada,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wark|first=Wesley|title=The road to CANUSA: how Canadian signals intelligence won its independence and helped create the Five Eyes|journal=Intelligence and National Security}}</ref> and 
* the [[Government Communications Security Bureau]] (GCSB){{spaced ndash}}New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzsis.govt.nz/publications/news/|title=News|website=nzsis.govt.nz|access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}