Editing Auguste and Louis Lumière (section)

==First film screenings==
[[File:Cinématographe Lumière (1896) poster, by Henri Brispot.jpg|thumb|Poster for the first ever public screening of a film, by Henri Brispot, 1896]]
On 22 March 1895, in Paris, at the Society for the Development of the National Industry, in front of a small audience, one of whom was said to be [[Léon Gaumont]], then director of the company {{Lang|fr|Comptoir Géneral de la Photographie|italic=no}}, the Lumières privately screened a single film, ''[[Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory]]''. The main focus of the conference by Louis concerned the recent developments in the photographic industry, mainly the research on [[polychromy]] (colour photography). It was much to Lumière's surprise that the moving black-and-white images retained more attention than the coloured stills.{{sfn|Chardère|Borgé|Borgé|1985|p=71}}

The Lumières gave their first paid public screening on 28 December 1895, at [[Salon Indien du Grand Café]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Présentation Du Cinématographe Lumière |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |date=27 March 2002 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011041100/https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This presentation consisted of the following 10 short films:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050912104656/http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html "Bienvenue sur Adobe GoLive 4"]. Institut-lumiere.org, 12 September 2005. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html "La première séance publique payante", Institut Lumière] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050912104656/http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html |date=12 September 2005 }}</ref>

#''{{Lang|fr|[[La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon]]}}'' (literally, "the exit from the Lumière factory in Lyon", or, under its more common English title, ''Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory''), 46 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[La Voltige]]}}'' (''Horse Trick Riders''), 46 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[La Pêche aux poissons rouges]]}}'' ("fishing for goldfish"), 42 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[Le Débarquement du congrès de photographie à Lyon]]}}'' (''The Photographical Congress Arrives in Lyon''), 48 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[Les Forgerons]]}}'' (''The Blacksmiths''), 49 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|Le Jardinier}} ({{Lang|fr|[[L'Arroseur Arrosé]]}})'' (''The Gardener'', or ''The Sprinkler Sprinkled''), 49 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[Repas de bébé]]}}'' (''Baby's Breakfast'' (lit. "baby's meal")), 41 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[Le Saut à la couverture]]}}'' ("Jumping Onto the Blanket"), 41 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[Place des Cordeliers à Lyon]]}}'' (''Cordeliers' Square in Lyon''), 44 seconds
#''{{Lang|fr|[[La Mer (film)|La Mer]]}}'' (''The Sea''), 38 seconds

Each film was up to {{Convert|17|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, which, when hand cranked through a projector, runs approximately 50 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lumière Brothers |url=http://film110.pbworks.com/w/page/12610310/The%20Lumi%C3%A8re%20Brothers |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=film110}}</ref>

The Lumières went on tour with the {{Lang|fr|cinématographe}} in 1896, visiting places like [[Mexico City]], [[Brussels]], [[Bombay]], [[London]], [[Montreal]], [[New York City]], [[Palestine]], and [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossell|first=Deac|date=1995|title=A Chronology of Cinema, 1889–1896|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3815166|journal=Film History|volume=7|issue=2|pages=115–236|jstor=3815166|issn=0892-2160|archive-date=31 March 2022|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331125715/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3815166|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1896, only a few months after the initial screenings in Europe, films by the Lumiere Brothers were shown in [[Egypt]], first in the Tousson stock exchange in [[Alexandria]] on 5 November 1896, and then in the Hamam Schneider (Schneider Bath) in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leaman |first=Oliver |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmSFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |title=Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film |date=16 December 2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134662524 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bibalex.org/alexcinema/historical/beginnings.html|title=Alexandria, Why? (The Beginnings of the Cinema Industry in Alexandria)|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina's AlexCinema|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005220655/https://www.bibalex.org/alexcinema/historical/beginnings.html|url-status=live}}</ref>