Editing August Hermann Francke (section)

==Career==
A year later, with the help of his friend P. Anton, and with the approval and encouragement of [[Philipp Jakob Spener]], he founded the ''Collegium Philobiblicum'', at which a number of graduates met regularly for the systematic study of the Bible, philologically and practically. He next spent some months at [[Lüneburg]] as assistant or curate to the learned superintendent, Kaspar Hermann "K.C." Sandhagen, where his religious beliefs deepened. On leaving Lüneburg he spent some time in [[Hamburg]], where he became a teacher in a private school, and made the acquaintance of Nikolaus Lange.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=4}}

After a long visit to Spener, at that time a court preacher in [[Dresden]], Francke returned to [[Leipzig]] in the spring of 1689, and began to give Bible lectures of an exegetical and practical kind, at the same time resuming the Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier days. He soon became popular as a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his teaching almost immediately aroused violent opposition on the part of the university authorities, and before the end of the year he was interdicted from lecturing on the grounds of his alleged [[Pietism]]. That was how Francke's name first came to be publicly associated with that of Spener, and with Pietism. Prohibited from lecturing in Leipzig, Francke in 1690 found work at [[Erfurt]] as "deacon" of one of the city churches. Here his evangelistic fervour attracted multitudes to his preaching, including [[Roman Catholic]]s, but at the same time excited the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that after a ministry of fifteen months he was commanded by the civil authorities (27 September 1691) to leave Erfurt within forty-eight hours. That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=4–5}}

In December 1691 , through Spener's influence, Francke accepted an invitation to fill the chair of Greek and oriental languages in the new [[University of Halle]], which was at that time being organized by the elector [[Frederick I of Prussia|Frederick III of Brandenburg]]; and at the same time, the chair having no salary attached to it, he was appointed [[pastor]] of Halle-Glaucha, in the immediate neighbourhood of Halle. He afterwards became professor of [[theology]]. Here, for the remaining thirty-six years of his life, he discharged the twofold office of pastor and professor with energy and success.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=5}}

===Schooling, 1695-1727===
At the very outset of his labours, he had been profoundly impressed with a sense of his responsibility towards the numerous [[underprivileged children]] who were growing up around him in ignorance and crime. After a number of tentative plans, he resolved in 1695 to institute what is often called a "[[ragged school]]", supported by [[public charity]]. A [[one-room school]] was at first sufficient, but within a year it was found necessary to purchase a house, to which another was added in 1697.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=5}}

In 1698, there were 100 orphans under his charge to be clothed and fed, besides 500 children who were taught as [[day scholar]]s. The schools grew in importance and were later known as the ''[[Franckesche Stiftungen]]''. The education given was strictly religious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek and Latin classics were neglected; the ''Homilies of [[Macarius]]'' took the place of [[Thucydides]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=5}} 

A chemist, whom Francke had visited on his deathbed, bequeathed to him the recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an annual income of more than $20,000, and made the institution independent. Shortly after its founding, the institution comprised an [[orphan asylum]], a [[Latin school]], a [[German school]] (or burgher school), and a seminary for training teachers for these establishments. Although Francke's principal aim was religious instruction, he also taught [[natural science]] and [[physical education|physical exercises]] and [[vocational training|manual trades]]. He ran an [[apothecary]]'s shop and, having assisted his friend [[Carl Hildebrand von Canstein]] in founding the first modern [[Bible society]], a [[printing press]] for publishing cheap copies of the Bible for mass distribution. At the time of Francke's death, the schools were frequented by more than 2,300 pupils.{{sfn|Rines|1920}}{{sfn|Ripley|Dana|1879}}
 
In 1698, he also founded the ''Gynaeceum'', the first Protestant higher [[girls school]], influenced by [[François Fénelon]], whose work he had translated from French. Its curriculum was different from the orphanage school and the school lasted only until 1730.<ref name="James C. Albisetti">James C. Albisetti: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FggABAAAQBAJ&dq=August+Hermann+Francke+girls%27+school&pg=PA25 Schooling German Girls and Women]''</ref>

In his university teaching as well, he gave great emphasis to religion. Even as professor of Greek, he had given great prominence in his lectures to the study of the [[Scriptures]]; but he found a much more congenial sphere when, in 1698, he was appointed to the chair of theology. Yet his first courses of lectures in that department were readings and expositions of the Old and New Testament; and to this, as also to [[hermeneutics]], he always attached special importance, believing that for theology a sound [[exegesis]] was indispensable. "Theologus nascitur in scripturis", he used to say; but during his occupancy of the theological chair he lectured at various times upon other branches of theology also. Among his colleagues were [[Paul Anton]],  [[Joachim Lange]]{{sfn|Latourette|1967|pp=46-47}} and [[Johann Juncker]]{{sfn|Gawthrop|2006|pp=171-173}} — men who shared his beliefs.