Editing August 23 (section)

===Pre-1600===
*[[30 BC]] &ndash; After the [[Egypt (Roman province)|successful invasion of Egypt]], [[Octavian]] executes [[Marcus Antonius Antyllus]], the eldest son of [[Mark Antony]], and [[Caesarion]], the last [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt]] and only child of [[Julius Caesar]] and [[Cleopatra]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
*[[AD 79|79]] &ndash; [[Mount Vesuvius]] begins stirring, on the feast day of [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]], the [[Roman god]] of fire.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ethelbert Stauffer|title=Christ and the Caesars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1KAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147|year=2008|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-55635-818-0|pages=147}}</ref>
* [[476]] &ndash; [[Odoacer]], chieftain of the Germanic tribes ([[Heruli]]c – [[Sciri]]an ''[[foederati]]''), is proclaimed ''rex Italiae'' ("[[King of Italy]]") by his troops.
*[[1244]] &ndash; [[Siege of Jerusalem (1244)|Siege of Jerusalem]]: The city's citadel, the [[Tower of David]], [[History of Jerusalem (Middle Ages)#Khwarezmian control|surrenders]] to the [[Khwarazmiyya]].
*[[1268]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Tagliacozzo]] marks the fall of the [[Hohenstaufen]] family from the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily (Medieval and Early Modern)|Sicilian]] thrones, and leading to the new chapter of [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] domination in [[Southern Italy]].
*[[1328]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cassel (1328)|Battle of Cassel]]: French troops stop an uprising of [[Flemish people|Flemish]] farmers.
*[[1382]] &ndash; [[Siege of Moscow (1382)|Siege of Moscow]]: The [[Golden Horde]] led by [[Tokhtamysh]] lays siege to the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]].
*[[1514]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Chaldiran]] ends with a decisive victory for the [[Selim I|Sultan Selim I]], [[Ottoman Empire]], over the [[Shah Ismail I]], founder of the [[Safavid dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi|title=Akbar: The Architect of the Mughul Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVWgAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Idarah-i-Adabiyat-i-Delli|page=120}}</ref>
*[[1521]] &ndash; [[Christian II of Denmark]] is deposed as [[king of Sweden]] and [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] is elected [[regent]].
*[[1541]] &ndash; French explorer [[Jacques Cartier]] lands near [[Quebec City]] in his third voyage to Canada.
*[[1572]] &ndash; [[French Wars of Religion]]: Mob violence against thousands of [[Huguenot]]s in [[Paris]] results in the [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]].
*[[1595]] &ndash; [[Long Turkish War]]: [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Wallachian prince]] [[Michael the Brave]] confronts the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army in the [[Battle of Călugăreni]] and achieves a [[tactical victory]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somel |first1=Selcuk Aksin |title=Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire |date=13 February 2003 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6606-5 |page=xxxiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGZQL41tg_oC |access-date=22 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1600]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gifu Castle]]: The eastern forces of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] defeat the western [[Sengoku period|Japanese]] clans loyal to [[Toyotomi Hideyori]], leading to the destruction of [[Gifu Castle]] and serving as a prelude to the [[Battle of Sekigahara]].