Editing Atlantic Canada (section)

=== Exploration and settlement ===
[[File:Vinland-travel.jpg|left|thumb|Viking migration to modern day Newfoundland]]
[[Leif Erikson]] and other members of his family began exploring the North American coast in 986 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wallace-Murphy |first1=Tim |title=Uncharted: a rediscovered history of voyages to the Americas before Columbus |last2=Martin |first2=James |date=2023 |publisher=New Page |isbn=978-1-63748-011-3 |location=Newburyport, MA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Seaver |first=Kirsten A. |title=The frozen echo: Greenland and the exploration of North America, c. A.D. 1000 - 1500 |date=2000 |publisher=Stanford Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-8047-3161-4 |location=Stanford, Calif.}}</ref> Leif landed in three places, and in the third established a small settlement called Vinland.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallace |first=Birgitta |date=2009 |title=L'Anse Aux Meadows, Leif Eriksson's Home in Vinland |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3721/037.002.s212 |journal=Journal of the North Atlantic |language=en |volume=201 |pages=114–125 |doi=10.3721/037.002.s212 |issn=1935-1933}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Belshaw |first=John Douglas |url=https://opentextbc.ca/preconfederation2e/ |title=Canadian History: Pre-Confederation |date=2020-10-06 |publisher=BCcampus |isbn=978-1-77420-063-6 |edition=2nd |language=en}}</ref> The location of Vinland is uncertain,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooke |first=Alan |date=1965 |title=The identification of Vinland |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/polar-record/article/abs/identification-of-vinland/7A31727327163C1D90A084C5A99D8E66 |journal=Polar Record |language=en |volume=12 |issue=80 |pages=583–587 |doi=10.1017/S0032247400058782 |bibcode=1965PoRec..12..583C |issn=1475-3057}}</ref> but an archaeological site on the northern tip of Newfoundland at [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nydal |first=Reidar |date=1989 |title=A Critical Review of Radiocarbon Dating of a Norse Settlement at L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland Canada |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822200012613/type/journal_article |journal=Radiocarbon |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=976–985 |doi=10.1017/S0033822200012613 |bibcode=1989Radcb..31..976N |issn=0033-8222}}</ref> has been identified as a good candidate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallace |first=Birgitta |date=2003 |title=The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/nflds/article/view/140 |journal=Newfoundland & Labrador Studies |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |issn=1715-1430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crocker |first=Christopher |date=2020 |title=What We Talk about When We Talk about Vínland: History, Whiteness, Indigenous Erasure, and the Early Norse Presence in Newfoundland |journal=Canadian Journal of History |language=en |volume=55 |issue=1–2 |pages=91–122 |doi=10.3138/cjh-2019-0028 |issn=0008-4107|doi-access=free }}</ref> It was a modest Viking settlement and is the oldest confirmed presence of Europeans in North America.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Ledger |first1=Paul M. |last2=Girdland-Flink |first2=Linus |last3=Forbes |first3=Véronique |date=2019-07-30 |title=New horizons at L'Anse aux Meadows |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=116 |issue=31 |pages=15341–15343 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1907986116 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=6681721 |pmid=31308231|bibcode=2019PNAS..11615341L }}</ref> The Vikings would make brief excursions to North America for the next 200 years, though further attempts at colonization were thwarted.<ref name=":11" /> The site produced the first evidence of [[pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact]] of Europeans with the [[Americas]] outside of [[Greenland]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kuitems |first1=Margot |last2=Wallace |first2=Birgitta L. |last3=Lindsay |first3=Charles |last4=Scifo |first4=Andrea |last5=Doeve |first5=Petra |last6=Jenkins |first6=Kevin |last7=Lindauer |first7=Susanne |last8=Erdil |first8=Pınar |last9=Ledger |first9=Paul M. |last10=Forbes |first10=Véronique |last11=Vermeeren |first11=Caroline |last12=Friedrich |first12=Ronny |last13=Dee |first13=Michael W. |date=2022-01-20 |title=Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=601 |issue=7893 |pages=388–391 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03972-8 |issn=0028-0836 |pmc=8770119 |pmid=34671168|bibcode=2022Natur.601..388K }}</ref>

[[Acadia]], a colony of [[New France]], was established in areas of present-day Atlantic Canada in 1604, under the leadership of [[Samuel de Champlain]] and [[Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Acadia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/history-of-acadia |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |language=en}}</ref> The French would form alliances with many indigenous groups within Atlantic Canada, including the Mi'kmaq of Acadia, who joined the [[Wabanaki Confederacy]], important allies to New France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-19 |title=Wabanaki |url=http://www.wabanaki.com/Harald_Prins.htm |access-date=2023-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142815/http://www.wabanaki.com/Harald_Prins.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>