Editing Athlete (section)

==Physiology==

Athletes involved in isotonic exercises have an increased mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume and are less likely to be depressed.<ref>MORGANROTH, JOEL, et al. "[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1024.7587&rep=rep1&type=pdf Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes]." Annals of Internal Medicine 82.4 (1975): 521–524.</ref><ref>Oler, Michael J., et al. "[http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/7987512 Depression, suicidal ideation, and substance use among adolescents. Are athletes at less risk?]." Archives of Family Medicine 3.9 (1994): 781–785.</ref> Due to their strenuous physical activities, athletes are far more likely than the general population to visit [[massage]] salons and pay for services from massotherapists and masseurs.<ref>Jönhagen, Sven, et al. "[http://www.taichiqigongreikicentre.com.au/resources/Sports%20Massage%20after%20Eccentric%20Exercise.pdf Sports massage after eccentric exercise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928215451/http://www.taichiqigongreikicentre.com.au/resources/Sports%20Massage%20after%20Eccentric%20Exercise.pdf |date=2020-09-28 }}." The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32.6 (2004): 1499–1503.</ref> Athletes whose sport requires endurance more than strength usually have a lower calorie intake than other athletes.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The effects of caloric restriction or exercise cessation on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes|journal=Metabolism|volume=33|issue=10|pages=943–950|doi=10.1016/0026-0495(84)90249-X|pmid=6482736|year=1984|last1=Thompson|first1=Paul D.|last2=Cullinane|first2=Eileen M.|last3=Eshleman|first3=Ruth|last4=Sady|first4=Stanley P.|last5=Herbert|first5=Peter N.}}</ref>

=== "Athlete Genes" ===
While athleticism is largely influenced by environmental factors, it has been theorized that genetic expression may play a moderate role in an athlete's abilities as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sportsbay alternatives |url=https://www.newscitech.com/sportsbay/}}</ref> Exploring this claim, [[Meta-analysis|meta-analyses]] of studies regarding two specific genes, [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)]] gene and [[Alpha-actinin-3|ACTN3]], concluded that certain variations in expression may have a moderate effect on athletic performance; the former being more prevalent in endurance-based events and the latter in power-based events.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Puthucheary |first1=Zudin |last2=Skipworth |first2=James R. A. |last3=Rawal |first3=Jai |last4=Loosemore |first4=Mike |last5=Van Someren |first5=Ken |last6=Montgomery |first6=Hugh E. |date=2011-06-01 |title=The ACE Gene and Human Performance |url=https://doi.org/10.2165/11588720-000000000-00000 |journal=Sports Medicine |language=en |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=433–448 |doi=10.2165/11588720-000000000-00000 |pmid=21615186 |s2cid=42531424 |issn=1179-2035}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Fang |last2=Yang |first2=Yu |last3=Li |first3=Xiangwei |last4=Zhou |first4=Feng |last5=Gao |first5=Cong |last6=Li |first6=Mufei |last7=Gao |first7=Lei |date=2013-01-24 |title=The Association of Sport Performance with ACE and ACTN3 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e54685 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0054685 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3554644 |pmid=23358679|bibcode=2013PLoSO...854685M |doi-access=free }}</ref> Further studies on these and other genetic polymorphisms linked to athletic performance were recommended.