Editing Arthur, Prince of Wales (section)

== Childhood ==
The popular belief that Arthur was sickly during his lifetime stems from a misunderstanding of a 1502 letter,{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=39}} but there are no reports of Arthur being ill during his lifetime.{{sfn|Jones|2009|p=23}} He grew up to be unusually tall for his age,{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=39}} and was considered handsome by the Spanish court:{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=46}} he had reddish hair, small eyes, and a high-bridged nose, resembling his brother Henry,{{sfn|Weir|2007|p=30}} who was said to be "extremely handsome" by contemporaries.{{sfn|Scarisbrick|1968|p=13}} As described by historians Steven Gunn and Linda Monckton, Arthur had an "amiable and gentle" personality and was, overall, a "delicate lad".{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=48}}

In May 1490, Arthur was created [[Lord Warden of the Marches|warden of all the marches]] towards [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|the Earl of Surrey]] was appointed as the Prince's [[wikt:deputy#Noun|deputy]].<ref>Charles H. Hunter Blair, "Wardens and deputy wardens of the Marches of England towards Scotland in Northumberland and the English wardens of Berwick upon Tweed", ''Archaeologia Aeliana'', 28 (1950), p. 60. {{doi|10.5284/1060129}}</ref> From 1491, Arthur was named on [[Peace Commission|peace commissions]]. In October 1492, when his father travelled to France, he was named [[Regency|Keeper of England]] and King's Lieutenant. Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII set up the [[Council of Wales and the Marches]] for Arthur in [[Wales]], in order to enforce royal authority there. Although the council had already been set up in 1490, it was headed by [[Jasper Tudor|Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford]].<ref name="odnb" /> By 1493, Arthur had been sent with his household to [[Ludlow Castle]], near Wales.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurley |first=Simon |title=Houses of Power: the Places that Shaped the Tudor World |publisher=Black Swan |year=2019 |pages=91}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Sean |title=Prince Arthur: the Tudor King Who Never Was |publisher=Amberley Publishing |year=2016 |location=Gloucestershire}}</ref> In March 1493, Arthur was granted the power to appoint justices of [[oyer and terminer]] and inquire into [[wikt:franchise#Noun|franchises]], thus strengthening the council's authority. In November of that year, the Prince also received an extensive land grant in Wales, including the [[Earl of March|County of March]].<ref name="odnb" />

Arthur was served by sons of English, Irish and Welsh nobility, such as [[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare]], who had been brought to the English court as a consequence of the involvement of his father, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare]], in the crowning of pretender [[Lambert Simnel]] in Ireland during Henry VII's reign.{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=16}} Other servants were Anthony Willoughby, a son of [[Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke]], [[Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex|Robert Radcliffe]], the heir of the 9th Baron FitzWalter and Maurice St John, a favourite nephew of Arthur's grandmother [[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Lady Margaret Beaufort]]. He was brought up with [[Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas]], the son of powerful Welsh nobleman [[Rhys ap Thomas]]. Gruffydd grew quite close to Arthur{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=51}} and was buried in Worcester Cathedral upon his death in 1521, alongside the Prince's tomb.{{sfn|Gunn|Monckton|2009|p=94}}