Editing Arnold J. Toynbee (section)

===Early life and education===
Toynbee was born on 14 April 1889 in [[London]], England, to Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), secretary of the [[Charity Organization Society]], and his wife Sarah Edith Marshall (1859–1939). His mother took the equivalent of an undergraduate degree in English history at Cambridge University, when [[higher education]] for women was unusual and before women were allowed to graduate from the university,<ref name="PBA bio">{{cite journal |author1=William H. McNeill |author1-link=William H. McNeill (historian) |journal=Proceedings of the British Academy |date= 1978 |title=Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889-1975 |volume=63 |pages=441–469 |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/1163/63p441.pdf |access-date=6 November 2023 |publisher=The British Academy}}</ref> and his sister [[Jocelyn Toynbee]] was an archaeologist and art historian. Arnold Toynbee was a grandson of [[Joseph Toynbee]], a nephew of the 19th-century economist [[Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)|Arnold Toynbee]] (1852–1883), and a descendant of prominent British intellectuals for several generations.

Having won a scholarship, he was educated at [[Winchester College]], an all-boys [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] [[boarding school]] in Winchester, Hampshire. From 1907 to 1911, having won a scholarship to Oxford University, he read ''[[literae humaniores]]'' (i.e. [[classics]]) at [[Balliol College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Orry |first1=Louise |title=Arnold Toynbee, Brief Lives |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0198600879 |page=537}}</ref> Early in Toynbee's degree, his father suffered a [[nervous collapse]] and was [[Involuntary commitment|institutionalised]], causing financial difficulties for the family.<ref name="PBA bio" /> Regardless, Toynbee achieved [[first class honours]] in ''mods'' and in ''greats'' and graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree.<ref name="PBA bio" /> From 1911 to 1912, he toured Italy and Greece to study the classical landscape and remains that "he had thitherto known only through books".<ref name="PBA bio" />