Editing Army Ballistic Missile Agency (section)

=== Redstone ===
{{main|PGM-11 Redstone}}

In the aftermath of [[World War II]], a number of German rocket scientists and engineers were moved to the United States as part of [[Operation Paperclip]]. Rocketry was at that time considered to be a sort of long-range artillery, and naturally fell to the Army to explore. The group was settled at [[Fort Bliss]], [[Texas]] – where they aided [[General Electric]]'s [[Hermes (missile program)|Project Hermes]] efforts to build and test a variety of [[V-2 rocket|V-2]]-derived designs at the nearby [[White Sands Missile Range|White Sands Proving Ground]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race/online/sec200/sec213.htm|title=A Jump Start in the Missile Race|publisher=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum}}</ref>

[[File:Redstone 08.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Army troops prepare a Redstone missile. Like the V-2 it was based on, Redstone was relatively mobile.]]

Around the same time, [[North American Aviation]] (NAA) won the contract to build a long-range [[cruise missile]] that became the [[SM-64 Navaho]]. This used [[ramjet]] power and needed to be boosted up to operational speed by a rocket. Their Propulsion Division was given two V-2 engines to work with to meet this requirement, along with a wealth of research papers from the original V-2 engine team. The NAA team discovered that a major upgrade to the V-2's original Model 39 engine was planned through the use of a new fuel injector design, but the Germans were not able to cure lingering combustion problems. Attacking this task, NAA successfully solved the problems and began using this new injector. This became the XLR-41 Phase III engine, which provided {{cvt|330000|N}} of thrust, one third greater than the Model 39, and was lighter and smaller than the German design.{{sfn|Healy|1958|p=1}}

The outbreak of the [[Korean War]] in June 1950 led to calls for the rapid deployment of new missiles, and the U.S. Army responded by developing a requirement for a ballistic missile with {{cvt|800|km}} range while carrying a {{cvt|230|kg}} warhead that could be operational as rapidly as possible. The fastest solution was to provide the German team with anything they needed to achieve this goal by adapting the V-2 design. The team, under the leadership of [[Wernher von Braun]], began work on the problem at Fort Bliss. In 1951, they moved to the [[Redstone Arsenal]] in [[Huntsville, Alabama]], home to the Army's Ordnance commands. Initially known as the Ordnance Guided Missile Center, then the Guided Missile Development Division (GMDD), in 1956 they finally became the '''Army Ballistic Missile Agency''', or ABMA.

Taking the XLR-41, renamed as the NA-75-110 in U.S. Army use, they wrapped it in the largest airframe it could lift, increasing fuel load and extending the range. The result was essentially a larger version of the V-2. As tensions of the [[Cold War]] mounted, the Army changed the requirement to be able to carry smallest nuclear warheads in the inventory – with a warhead weight of {{cvt|3100|kg}}, range was reduced to only {{cvt|282|km}}. Design work was complete in 1952 and on 8 April 1952 it became known as the [[SSM-G-14 Redstone]] (Surface-to-Surface Missile, G for ground). The first ABMA-built prototype flew in August 1953, the first production-line model from [[Chrysler]] in July 1956, and the Redstone entered service in 1958.