Editing Arlington, Washington (section)

===Pre-incorporation===

The indigenous [[Coast Salish|Coast Salish peoples]] have inhabited the [[Puget Sound region]] since the retreat of the [[Vashon Glaciation|Vashon Glacier]] approximately 12,000 years ago.<ref name="HistoryLink">{{cite web |last=Oakley |first=Janet |date=December 31, 2007 |title=Arlington&nbsp;— Thumbnail History |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8416 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |access-date=February 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907165040/http://www.historylink.org/File/8416 |archive-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hollenbeck-Moss">{{cite book |last1=Hollenbeck |first1=Jan L. |last2=Moss |first2=Madonna |year=1987 |title=A Cultural Resource Overview: Prehistory, Ethnography and History: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |pages=152–154 |oclc=892024380 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005998596 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> Several archeological sites along the [[Stillaguamish River]] contain artifacts that are dated to the Olcott Phase, approximately 9,000 years [[before present]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Haglund |first=Noah |date=June 20, 2009 |title=Archaeological find at Snohomish County site |url=https://www.heraldnet.com/news/archaeological-find-at-snohomish-county-site/ |work=[[The Everett Herald]] |accessdate=January 15, 2024}}</ref> The traditional territory of the [[Stillaguamish people]] includes modern-day Arlington and much of the [[Stillaguamish River]] basin; they had at least ten known villages along the river and its tributaries, including two in the Arlington area. Among them was {{langx|lut|sq'ʷuʔalqʷuʔ|label=none}} (meaning "confluence"; variously anglicized as Skabalko or Skabalco), a settlement with winter longhouses and 200–300 people at the confluence of the two forks of the Stillaguamish River.<ref name="Hollenbeck-Moss"/><ref name="AmberGrove">{{cite report |last1=Baldwin |first1=Garth L. |last2=Hillstrom |first2=Jeffrey K. |last3=Austin |first3=Stephen F. |date=February 2023 |title=A Cultural Resources Assessment of the Amber Grove Development (TPN 31051400101800), Arlington, Snohomish County, Washington |url=https://www.arlingtonwa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/8954/4202023_Archaeological-Report |pages=8–11 |publisher=City of Arlington |accessdate=January 15, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Herald-Stillaguamish">{{cite news |last=Breda |first=Isabella |date=November 25, 2021 |title=Arlington formally recognizes homeland of Stillaguamish people |url=https://www.heraldnet.com/news/arlington-formally-recognizes-homeland-of-stillaguamish-people/ |work=The Everett Herald |accessdate=December 28, 2022}}</ref> Other Coast Salish peoples who were intermarried with the Stillaguamish would travel to this village in the summer to follow [[fish migration|fish runs]].<ref name="HistoryLink"/> The neighborhood of Kent Prairie ({{Langx|lut|xʷbaqʷab}}) was once a prairie where the Stillaguamish, [[Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington|Sauk]], and [[Snohomish people|Snohomish]] would gather wild crops.<ref name="Hollenbeck-Moss"/><ref name="AmberGrove"/> In modern [[Lushootseed]], Arlington and the surrounding area is named {{lang|lut|stiqayuʔ}},<ref name="Lushootseed">{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Dawn |last2=Hess |first2=Thom |last3=Hilbert |first3=Vi |author-link3=Vi Hilbert |year=2003 |title=Lushootseed Dictionary |pages=432–502 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=0-295-97323-4 |oclc=843308724}}</ref> meaning "wolf".<ref name="Herald-Stillaguamish"/>

American exploration of the area began in 1851, when [[prospecting|prospector]] Samuel Hancock was led by Indian guides on a [[canoe]] up the Stillaguamish River.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Pictorial">{{cite book |author=Stillaguamish Valley Genealogical Society |year=2003 |title=Arlington Centennial Pictorial History, 1903–2003 |publisher=Oso Publishing Company |location=Hamilton, Montana |oclc=53353599}}</ref>{{rp|2}} The area was opened to [[logging]] after the signing of the [[Treaty of Point Elliott]] in 1855 between the federal government and various Puget Sound peoples.<ref name="Metro">{{cite book |date=April 1983 |title=Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle Sludge Management Plan: Draft Environmental Impact Statement |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] Region 10 |pages=249–252 |oclc=41688954 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dO40AQAAMAAJ |via=Google Books |access-date=April 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411140624/https://books.google.com/books?id=dO40AQAAMAAJ |archive-date=April 11, 2017}}</ref> The Stillaguamish, one of the signatory tribes, were ordered to travel to the [[Tulalip Indian Reservation]], but many members refused and remained in their ancestral lands. After attempts in the early 20th century, the tribe were granted federal recognition in 1976 and a reservation in 2014.<ref name="Herald-Stillaguamish"/>

In 1856, the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] built a [[military road]] connecting [[Fort Steilacoom]] to [[Fort Bellingham]], crossing the Stillaguamish River near the confluence.<ref name="AmberGrove"/> In the 1880s, [[wagon road]]s were constructed to this area from the towns of [[Marysville, Washington|Marysville]] to the south and [[Silvana, Washington|Silvana]] to the west, bringing entrepreneurs to the logging camps, informally named "The Forks". The area's first store was opened in 1888 by Nels K. Tvete and Nils C. Johnson, and was followed by a hotel with lodging and meals for loggers.<ref name="Whitfield1926">{{cite book |last=Whitfield |first=William M. |year=1926 |title=History of Snohomish County, Washington |publisher=Pioneer Historical Publishing Company |location=Chicago |pages=525–547 |oclc=8437390 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102122401 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="IllustHistory">{{cite book|editor1-last=Hastie |editor1-first=Thomas P. |editor2-last=Batey |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Sisson |editor3-first=E.A. |editor4-last=Graham |editor4-first=Albert L. |title=An Illustrated History of Skagit and Snohomish Counties |pages=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto00inte/page/359 359]–362 |chapter=Chapter VI: Cities and Towns |publisher=Interstate Publishing Company |location=Chicago |year=1906 |lccn=06030900 |oclc=11299996 |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto00inte |via=[[The Internet Archive]] |access-date=April 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316125224/https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto00inte |archive-date=March 16, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Arlington and Haller City.png|thumb|right|Map of original [[plat]]s and claims for Arlington (green) and Haller City (blue), along with later additions to Arlington (yellow), overlaid on modern-day downtown Arlington|alt=A map of modern downtown Arlington, with the locations of Arlington and Haller City highlighted.]]

Two settlements were established on the south side of the confluence in anticipation of the [[Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway]] building a track through the area.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="IllustHistory"/> G. Morris Haller, son of Colonel [[Granville O. Haller]], founded a settlement on the banks of the Stillaguamish River in 1883, naming it "Haller City".<ref name="Metro"/><ref name="Meany1922">{{cite journal |last=Meany |first=Edmond S. |author-link=Edmond S. Meany |title=Newspapers of Washington Territory |date=July 1922 |volume=13 |issue=3 |page=185 |journal=[[Pacific Northwest Quarterly|The Washington Historical Quarterly]] |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |oclc=2392232 |jstor=40474644 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLY3AQAAIAAJ |via=Google Books |access-date=May 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411065318/https://books.google.com/books?id=wLY3AQAAIAAJ |archive-date=April 11, 2017}}</ref>

The Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad chose to build its [[railroad depot|depot]] on higher ground to the south of Haller City, leading contractors Earl & McLeod to establish a new town at the depot on March 15, 1890.<ref name="Metro"/> The new town was named "Arlington" after [[Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington|Lord Henry Arlington]], member of the cabinet of King [[Charles II of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Meany |first=Edmond S. |year=1923 |title=Origin of Washington Geographic Names |page=9 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |oclc=1963675 |url=http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/9548/Ori_Of_Was_Geo_Nam.pdf |via=[[Oregon State University|Oregon State University Libraries]] |access-date=April 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525051149/http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/9548/Ori_Of_Was_Geo_Nam.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2016}}</ref> Arlington and Haller City were [[plat]]ted within a month of each other in 1890, quickly developing a rivalry that would continue for several years.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Whitfield1926"/>{{rp|804–806}}

Arlington and Haller City grew rapidly in their first years, reaching a combined population of 500 by 1893, relying on agriculture, dairy farming and the manufacturing of [[wood shingle]]s as their main sources of income.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="IllustHistory"/> Both towns established their own schools, post offices, saloons, general stores, churches, social clubs, and hotels.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Whitfield1926"/> The two towns were separated by a {{convert|40|acre|adj=mid}} tract claimed by two settlers in 1891, preventing either town from fully absorbing the other.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spoerhase |first=Mildred |date=August 2, 1972 |title=Reflections of an Arlington pioneer |page=46 |work=[[The Arlington Times]] |url=http://arl.stparchive.com/Archive/ARL/ARL08021972P046.php |via=SmallTownPapers.com |access-date=July 6, 2018 |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117125303/http://arl.stparchive.com/Archive/ARL/ARL08021972P046.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the late 1890s, the claim dispute was settled and merchants began moving to the larger, more prosperous Arlington, signalling the end for Haller City.<ref name="IllustHistory"/><ref name="Illust2005">{{cite book |last1=Cameron |first1=David A. |last2=LeWarne |first2=Charles P. |last3=May |first3=M. Allan |last4=O'Donnell |first4=Jack C. |last5=O'Donnell |first5=Lawrence E. |year=2005 |title=Snohomish County: An Illustrated History |publisher=Kelcema Books LLC |location=Index, Washington |isbn=978-0-9766700-0-1 |oclc=62728798}}</ref>{{rp|130–133}} Today, Haller City is memorialized in the name of a park in downtown Arlington, as well as a [[middle school]] operated by the Arlington School District.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bray |first=Kari |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Haller Park's new playground to be dedicated Friday |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/news/haller-park%C2%92s-new-playground-to-be-dedicated-friday/ |work=[[The Everett Herald]] |access-date=April 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419054317/http://www.heraldnet.com/news/haller-park%C2%92s-new-playground-to-be-dedicated-friday/ |archive-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stevick |first=Eric |date=May 14, 2004 |title=Arlington school now has a name |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/news/arlington-school-now-has-a-name/ |work=The Everett Herald |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref>