Editing Aphid (section)

==Distribution==

Aphids are [[Cosmopolitan distribution|distributed worldwide]], but are most common in [[temperate zone]]s. In contrast to many [[taxa]], aphid species diversity is much lower in the [[tropics]] than in the temperate zones.<ref name="Zyla2017">{{cite journal |last1=Żyła |first1=Dagmara |last2=Homan |first2=Agnieszka |last3=Wegierek |first3=Piotr |title=Polyphyly of the extinct family Oviparosiphidae and its implications for inferring aphid evolution (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=e0174791 |year=2017  |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0174791 |pmid=28445493|pmc=5405925 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1274791Z |doi-access=free }}</ref> They can migrate great distances, mainly through [[Biological dispersal|passive dispersal]] by winds. Winged aphids may also rise up in the day as high as 600 m where they are transported by strong winds.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=R. E. |last2=Taylor |first2=L. R. |date=1968 |title=High-Altitude Migration of Aphids in Maritime and Continental Climates |jstor=3084 |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=37|issue=3|pages=713–722 |doi=10.2307/3084|bibcode=1968JAnEc..37..713B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isard |first1=Scott A. |last2=Irwin |first2=Michael E. |last3=Hollinger |first3=Steven E. |date=1990-10-01|title=Vertical Distribution of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the Planetary Boundary Layer |journal=Environmental Entomology |volume=19|issue=5|pages=1473–1484|doi=10.1093/ee/19.5.1473}}</ref> For example, the currant-lettuce aphid, ''[[Nasonovia ribisnigri]]'', is believed to have spread from [[New Zealand]] to [[Tasmania]] around 2004 through easterly winds.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hill, L. |year=2012 |title=The currant lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri arrives in Tasmania: Part 1 |journal=Victorian Entomologist |volume=42 |issue=2|pages= 29–31}}</ref> Aphids have also [[Invasive species|been spread by human transportation]] of infested plant materials, making some species nearly [[Cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] in their distribution.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Margaritopoulos |first1=John T. |last2=Kasprowicz |first2=Louise |last3=Malloch |first3=Gaynor L.|last4=Fenton |first4=Brian |date=2009-05-11 |title=Tracking the global dispersal of a cosmopolitan insect pest, the peach potato aphid |journal=BMC Ecology |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=13 |doi=10.1186/1472-6785-9-13 |pmc=2687420 |pmid=19432979 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009BMCE....9...13M }}</ref>