Editing Antisemitism in Christianity (section)

==Issues which Judaism has with the New Testament==
{{more citations needed|date=March 2017}}

===Jesus as the Messiah===
{{See also|Jesus in Christianity|Judaism's view of Jesus|Rejection of Jesus}}
In [[Judaism]], Jesus is not recognized as the [[Messiah in Judaism#Jesus|Messiah]] and is viewed as one of many failed [[Jewish Messiah claimants]] and a [[false prophet#Judaism|false prophet]], a stance acknowledged by Christians as the Jewish people's rejection of him.<ref name="BergerDWyschogrodM">{{cite book|last=Berger|first=David|title=Jews and "Jewish Christianity"|year=1978|publisher=KTAV Publ. House|location=[New York]|isbn=0-87068-675-5|author2=Wyschogrod, Michael }}</ref><ref name="SingerT">{{cite book|last=Singer|first=Tovia|title=Let's Get Biblical|year=2010|publisher=RNBN Publishers|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0615348391}}</ref><ref name="KaplanA">{{cite book|last=Kaplan|first=Aryeh|title=The real Messiah? a Jewish response to missionaries|year=1985|publisher=National Conference of Synagogue Youth|location=New York|isbn=978-1879016118|edition=New}} [http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/the_real_messiah.pdf The real Messiah (pdf)]</ref><ref name="SingerT-Monotheism">{{cite web |last=Singer |first=Tovia| title=Monotheism |url=http://www.outreachjudaism.org/articles/monotheism.html|access-date=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="SpiroK">{{cite web|last=Spiro|first=Ken (Rabbi, Masters Degree in History)|title=Seeds of Christianity |url=http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/seeds_of_christianity/|work=Judaism online|publisher=Simpletoremember.com|access-date=19 August 2013}}</ref> In Judaism, the belief is that the arrival of the prophesied [[Messianic Age]] is contingent upon the coming of the Messiah. Consequently, the comprehensive rejection of Jesus as either the Messiah or a divine figure has not been a pivotal concern within Jewish theological discourse.

=== Jewish deicide ===
{{Main|Jewish deicide}}

Jewish deicide is the belief that [[Jews]] to this day will always be [[Collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] for [[Crucifixion of Jesus|the killing of Jesus]],<ref name="nostra">{{cite web |title=Nostra Aetate: a milestone - Pier Francesco Fumagalli |url=https://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01111997_p-31_en.html |access-date=2018-04-16 |publisher=Vatican.va}}</ref><ref name="GreenspoonHamm2000">{{cite book |author1=Greenspoon, Leonard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHtg7jYw4TgC&pg=PA78 |title=The Historical Jesus Through Catholic and Jewish Eyes |author2=Hamm, Dennis |author3=Le Beau, Bryan F. |date=2000 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-56338-322-9 |page=78}}</ref> also known as the [[blood curse]]. Even before the Gospels were finalized, [[Paul the Apostle|Paul]] described the Jews as those "who killed both the Lord Jesus and the prophets" in his epistle to the Thessalonians{{which|date=May 2025}} 2:14–15.<ref name=":7" /> A justification of the deicide charge also appears in the [[Gospel of Matthew]] 27:24–25, alleging a crowd of Jews told [[Pilate]] that they and their children would be responsible for Jesus's death.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|27:24–25}}</ref> The [[Acts of the Apostles]], written by the same author as the [[Gospel of Luke]], repeatedly reproach the Jews for having "crucified and killed" Jesus.<ref name=":7" /><ref>(Acts 2:23, 2:36, 4:10, 4:27, 5:30, 10:39, 13:27-28)</ref> The [[Gospel of John]] exhibits a hostile tone towards 'the Jews', particularly in verses like John 5:16, 6:52, 7:13, 8:44, 10:31, and others, which also implicate them in Jesus' death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gospel of Mark and Judaism |url=https://www.jcrelations.net/article/the-gospel-of-mark-and-judaism.html#:~:text=In%20conclusion%20to%20our%20discussion,are%20in%20conflict%20with%20Jesus. |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.jcrelations.net |language=en-EN}}</ref>

Most members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] accept the notion of Jewish deicide,<ref name="Mauss 2003 213" /> while the [[Catholic Church]] repudiated it in 1965,<ref name="nostra" /> as have several other [[Christian]] denominations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deicide and the Jews |url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/research_sites/cjl/texts/cjrelations/resources/documents/protestant/Episcopal_Resolution_1964.htm}}</ref><ref name="lut1">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America [http://www.elca.org/Who-We-Are/Our-Three-Expressions/Churchwide-Organization/Ecumenical-and-Inter-Religious-Relations/Inter-Religious-Relations/Christian-Jewish-Relations/Guidelines.aspx "Guidelines for Lutheran–Jewish Relations"] November 16, 1998</ref><ref name="lut2">World Council of Churches [http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/cd33-23.html "Guidelines for Lutheran-Jewish Relations"] in [http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/cd33-01.html ''Current Dialogue'', Issue 33] July, 1999</ref>

===Criticism of the Pharisees===
{{Main|Woes of the Pharisees}}
Many New Testament passages criticise the [[Pharisees]], a Jewish social movement and school of thought that flourished during the [[Second Temple period]] (516 BCE–70 CE). It has been argued that these passages shaped the way in which Christians viewed and continue to view Jews. Like most [[Bible]] passages, however, they can be interpreted in a variety of ways.

Today, mainstream [[Rabbinical Judaism]] is directly descended from the Pharisaical tradition, which Jesus frequently criticized.<ref>Universal Jewish Encyclopedia (1943); Jewish Encyclopedia (1905), Exhibit 264.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12087-pharisees|title=PHARISEES - JewishEncyclopedia.com}}</ref> During Jesus's life and at the time of his execution, the Pharisees were only one of several Jewish groups, such as the [[Sadducee]]s, [[Zealot]]s, and [[Essene]]s, that mostly died out not long after the period;<ref>Jewish Encyclopedia (1905)</ref> Jewish scholars such as [[Harvey Falk]] and [[Hyam Maccoby]] have suggested that Jesus was himself a Pharisee. In the [[Sermon on the Mount]], for example, Jesus says, "The Pharisees sit in [[Moses]]' seat, therefore do what they say". Arguments by Jesus and his disciples against certain groups of Pharisees and what he saw as their hypocrisy were most likely examples of disputes among Jews and internal to Judaism that were common at the time (see, for example, [[Hillel and Shammai]]).

===Recent studies of antisemitism in the New Testament===
{{Main|Antisemitism and the New Testament}}

Professor Lillian C. Freudmann, author of ''Antisemitism in the New Testament'' ([[University Press of America]], 1994), has published a detailed study of the description of Jews in the New Testament and the historical effects that such passages have had in the Christian community throughout history. Similar studies of such verses have been made by both Christian and Jewish scholars, including Professors Clark Williamson (Christian Theological Seminary), [[Hyam Maccoby]] (The Leo Baeck Institute), Norman A. Beck (Texas Lutheran College), and [[Michael Berenbaum]] (Georgetown University). Most rabbis feel that these verses are anti-Semitic, and many Christian scholars in America and Europe have reached the same conclusion.

Another example is [[John Dominic Crossan]]'s 1995 book, titled ''Who Killed Jesus? Exposing the Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Gospel Story of the Death of Jesus''. Crossan writes: "The passion-resurrection stories... have been the seedbed of Christian anti-Judaism. And without that Christian anti-Judaism, lethal and genocidal European anti-Semitism would have been impossible or at least not widely successful. What was at stake in those passion stories in the long-haul of history, was the Holocaust."{{sfn|Cohen|2007|p=20-21}}

Some biblical scholars have also been accused of holding anti-Semitic beliefs. [[Bruce J. Malina]], a founding member of [[The Context Group]], has come under criticism for going as far as to deny the Semitic ancestry of modern Israelis. He then ties it back to his work on first-century cultural anthropology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Myles |first=Robert |author2=James Crossley |date=Dec 2012 |title=Biblical Scholarship, Jews and Israel: On Bruce Malina, Conspiracy Theories and Ideological Contradictions |url=http://www.bibleinterp.com/opeds/myl368013.shtml |journal=The Bible and Interpretation}}</ref>