Editing Anemone (section)

==Taxonomy==
''Anemone'' was named by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1753 and is situated in the tribe [[Anemoneae]], subfamily [[Ranunculoideae]], and the family Ranunculaceae.{{r|ipni}}{{r|wang2009}} As considered in the broader sense (''[[sensu lato]]'') the genus is sometimes considered to include a number of other genera, such as ''[[Anemonoides]]'', ''[[Anemonastrum]]'',  ''[[Hepatica]]'', ''[[Pulsatilla]]'', ''[[Knowltonia (plant)|Knowltonia]]'', ''[[Barneoudia]]'', and ''[[Oreithales]]''.{{r|hoot2012}} Several of these were included as separate genera within Anemoneae by Wang ''et al.'', a tribe with six genera in total.{{r|wang2009}}

Early molecular analyses divided the genus into two [[subgenera]] (''[[Anemonidium]]'' and ''Anemone''), with seven sections, and 12 informal subsections.{{r|hoot1994}} Ziman and colleagues (2008) treated the [[genus]] ''Anemone'' as 5 subgenera, 23 sections, 4 subsections, 23 series and about 118 species.{{sfn|Ziman et al|2011}} A further reclassification by Hoot and colleagues (2012) estimated 200 species.{{r|hoot2012}}

Hoot ''et al.'' found many of the previously defined subdivisions, based on [[plant morphology|morphological]] characteristics were [[polyphyletic]] or [[paraphyletic]]. In contrast two clearly defined [[monophyletic]] [[clade]]s emerged corresponding to the above two subgenera. ''Anemonidium'' demonstrated four [[subclade]]s, corresponding to sections. The larger subgenus ''Anemone'' showed a similar pattern.

Hoot ''et al.'' proposed the following two subgenera and several sections be retained, with a number of subsections and series:
* ''Anemone'' subg. ''Anemonidium'' <small>(Spach) Juz.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemonidium'' sect. ''Hepatica'' <small>Spreng.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemonidium'' sect. ''Keiskea'' <small>Tamura</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemonidium'' sect. ''Anemonidium'' <small>Spach</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemonidium'' sect. ''Omalocarpus'' <small>DC.</small>
* ''Anemone'' subg. ''Anemone'' <small>L.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemone'' sect. ''Pulsatilloides'' <small>DC.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemone'' sect. ''Pulsatilla'' <small>(Mill.) DC.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemone'' sect. ''Rivularidium'' <small>Jancz.</small>
** ''A.'' subg. ''Anemone'' sect. ''Anemone'' <small>L.</small>

===Species===
{{As of|April 2020}} [[Kew]]'s [[Plants of the World Online]] lists 63 species in the genus:{{r|powo}}

{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*''[[Anemone afghanica]]'' <small>Podlech</small>
*''[[Anemone alaschanica]]'' <small>(Schipcz.) Borodina</small>
*''[[Anemone angustiloba]]'' <small>H.Eichler</small>
*''[[Anemone baissunensis]]'' <small>Juz. ex M.M.Sharipova</small>
*''[[Anemone begoniifolia]]'' <small>H.Lév. & Vaniot</small>
*''[[Anemone berlandieri]]'' <small>Pritz.</small>
*''[[Anemone biflora]]'' <small>DC.</small>
*''[[Anemone brachystema]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone brevistyla]]'' <small>C.C.Chang ex W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone bucharica]]'' <small>(Regel) Finet & Gagnep.</small>
*''[[Anemone canadensis]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anemone caroliniana]]'' <small>Walter</small>
*''[[Anemone cathayensis]]'' <small>Kitag. ex Tamura</small>
*''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anemone cylindrica]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
*''[[Anemone debilis]]'' <small>Fisch. ex Turcz.</small>
*''[[Anemone decapetala]]'' <small>Ard.</small>
*''[[Anemone drummondii]]'' <small>S.Watson</small>
*''[[Anemone edwardsiana]]'' <small>Tharp</small>
*''[[Anemone flexuosissima]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Anemone fulingensis]]'' <small>W.T.Wang & Z.Y.Liu</small>
*''[[Anemone fuscopurpurea]]'' <small>H.Hara</small>
*''[[Anemone glazioviana]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
*''[[Anemone hemsleyi]]'' <small>Britton</small>
*''[[Anemone hokouensis]]'' <small>C.Y.Wu ex W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone hortensis]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anemone howellii]]'' <small>Jeffrey & W.W.Sm.</small>
*''[[Anemone imperialis]]'' <small>Kadota</small>
*''[[Anemone koraiensis]]'' <small>Nakai</small>
*''[[Anemone lacerata]]'' <small>(Y.L.Xu) Luferov</small>
*''[[Anemone laceratoincisa]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone liangshanica]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone lithophila]]'' <small>Rydb.</small>
*''[[Anemone lutienensis]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone milinensis]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone motuoensis]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone multifida]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
*''[[Anemone nutantiflora]]'' <small>W.T.Wang & L.Q.Li</small>
*''[[Anemone ochotensis]]'' <small>(Fisch. ex Pritz.) Fisch.</small>
*''[[Anemone okennonii]]'' <small>Keener & B.E.Dutton</small>
*''[[Anemone orthocarpa]]'' <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small>
*''[[Anemone palmata]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anemone parviflora]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
*''[[Anemone pavoniana]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Anemone pendulisepala]]'' <small>Y.N.Lee</small>
*''[[Anemone petiolulosa]]'' <small>Juz.</small>
*''[[Anemone poilanei]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
*''[[Anemone raui]]'' <small>Goel & U.C.Bhattach.</small>
*''[[Anemone robusta]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone robustostylosa]]'' <small>R.H.Miao</small>
*''[[Anemone scabriuscula]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone seravschanica]]'' <small>Kom.</small>
*''[[Anemone somaliensis]]'' <small>Hepper</small>
*''[[Anemone sumatrana]]'' <small>de Vriese</small>
*''[[Anemone taipaiensis]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone tamarae]]'' <small>Kharkev.</small>
*''[[Anemone thomsonii]]'' <small>Oliv.</small>
*''[[Anemone tibetica]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small>
*''[[Anemone triternata]]'' <small>Vahl</small>
*''[[Anemone truncata]]'' <small>(H.F.Comber) Luferov</small>
*''[[Anemone tschernaewii]]'' <small>Regel</small>
*''[[Anemone tuberosa]]'' <small>Rydb.</small>
*''[[Anemone virginiana]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anemone xingyiensis]]'' <small>Q.Yuan & Q.E.Yang</small>
}}

More species include:
*''[[Anemone nemorosa]]'' (wood anemone, windflower, smell fox) which is native in Europe and covers the grounds of woods in Germany and other countries of Central Europe.
*''[[Anemone ranunculoides]]'' (yellow wood anemone, buttercup anemone) that grows in forests across Europe.

===Etymology===
According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀνεμώνη}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|anemōnē}}) means 'daughter of the wind', from {{wikt-lang|grc|ἄνεμος}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|ánemos}}, 'wind') + feminine [[patronymic]] suffix {{wikt-lang|grc|-ώνη}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|-ṓnē}}, so 'daughter of').<ref>{{OED|Anemone}}</ref> 

The ''[[Metamorphoses (poem)|Metamorphoses]]'' of [[Ovid]] says that the plant was created by the goddess [[Aphrodite]] when she sprinkled nectar on the blood of her dead lover [[Adonis]], suggesting the frailty of the petals that can be easily blown away by the wind. "Anemone" may also refer to Nea'man, the Phoenician name for Adonis, from an earlier Syrian myth of the god of vegetation, who was killed by the tusks of a [[wild boar]].<ref name="histsyria">{{Cite book| last = Hitti| first = Philip K.| title = History of Syria| access-date = 2020-07-02| date = 1951| url = https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfSyria-PhilipK.Hitti/page/n137|page=117}}</ref> The common name '''windflower''' is used for the entire genus.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed.|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-0199206872|pages=3804}}</ref>{{r|meaning}}