Editing Andrew Carnegie (section)

===Early life===
[[File:Birthplace of Andrew Carnegie, Dunfermline.jpg|thumb|right|Birthplace of Andrew Carnegie in [[Dunfermline]], Scotland]]

Andrew Carnegie was born to Margaret (Morrison) Carnegie and William Carnegie in [[Dunfermline]], Scotland,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Scirri |first=Kaitlin |title=Andrew Carnegie: Industrialist and Philanthropist |publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-5026-4890-7 |location=New York, NY |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref> in a typical weaver's cottage with only one main room. It consisted of half the ground floor, which was shared with the neighboring weaver's family.<ref name="MacKay pp23-24">[[#MacKay|MacKay]], pp. 23–24.</ref> The main room served as a living room, dining room and bedroom.<ref name="MacKay pp23-24"/> He was named after his paternal grandfather.<ref name="MacKay pp23-24"/> William Carnegie had a successful weaving business and owned multiple looms.<ref name=":1" /> 

In 1836, the family moved to a larger house in Edgar Street (opposite Reid's Park), following the demand for more heavy [[damask]], from which his father benefited.<ref name="MacKay pp23-24"/> Carnegie was educated at the Free School in Dunfermline, a gift to the town from philanthropist [[Adam Rolland]] of Gask.<ref>''The Edinburgh Magazine and Literary Review,'' September 1819.</ref>

Carnegie's maternal uncle, Scottish political leader [[George Lauder Sr.]], deeply influenced him as a boy by introducing him to [[Robert Burns]]' writings{{sfnp|Edge|2004|p=4}} and historical Scottish heroes such as [[Robert the Bruce]], [[William Wallace]], and [[Rob Roy MacGregor|Rob Roy]]. Lauder's son, also named [[George Lauder (industrialist)|George Lauder]], grew up with Carnegie and later became his business partner in the United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Skrabec, Jr. |first=Quentin |title=The Carnegie Boys: The Lieutenants of Andrew Carnegie That Changed America |publisher=McFarland |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7864-6455-5 |location=Jefferson, NC |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref> 

When Carnegie was 12, his father had fallen on tough times as a handloom weaver. Making matters worse, the country was in starvation. His mother helped support the family by assisting her brother and by selling potted meats at her "sweetie shop", becoming the primary breadwinner.<ref name=Nasaw/> Struggling to make ends meet, the Carnegies decided to borrow money from George Lauder, Sr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/22/andrew-carnegie-the-railroad-and-steel-magnate-who-played-his-more-imperative-role-as-a-philanthropist/|title=Andrew Carnegie: The railroad and steel magnate who played his more imperative role as a Philanthropist|website=Vintage News|date=February 22, 2017|access-date=February 1, 2019|archive-date=November 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115202956/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/22/andrew-carnegie-the-railroad-and-steel-magnate-who-played-his-more-imperative-role-as-a-philanthropist/|url-status=live}}</ref> and move to the United States in 1848 for the prospect of a better life. They headed to [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania]], where they heard there was a demand for workers.<ref name="MacKay pp37-38">[[#MacKay|MacKay]], pp. 37–38.</ref> Carnegie's emigration to America was his second journey outside Dunfermline. The first was a family outing to  [[Edinburgh]] to see [[Queen Victoria]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nasaw |first1=David |url=https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/24 |title=Andrew Carnegie |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Group |isbn=978-1-59420-104-2 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/24 24] |authorlink=David Nasaw}}</ref>

In September 1848, Carnegie and his family arrived in Allegheny. Carnegie's father struggled to sell his product on his own.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nasaw |first1=David |title=Andrew Carnegie |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Group |location=New York |isbn=978-1-59420-104-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/33 33] |url=https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/33 }}</ref> Eventually, the father and son both received job offers at Anchor Cotton Mills, a  Scottish-owned facility. Carnegie's first job in 1848 was as a [[bobbin boy]], changing spools of thread in a cotton mill 12 hours a day, 6 days a week in a Pittsburgh cotton factory. His starting wage was $1.20 per week ({{Inflation|US|1.20|1848|r=0|fmt=eq}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}).<ref>''[[#Biography|Autobiography]]'', p. 34.</ref>

His father soon quit his position at the cotton mill, returning to his loom, and was again removed as a substantial breadwinner.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Nasaw|first1=David|url=https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/34|title=Andrew Carnegie|date=2006|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn=978-1-59420-104-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie00nasa/page/34 34]}}</ref> But Carnegie attracted the attention of John Hay, a Scottish manufacturer of bobbins, who offered him a job for $2.00 per week ({{Inflation|US|2.00|1848|r=0|fmt=eq}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie |last=Carnegie |first=Andrew |year=1919 |pages=42}}</ref> 

In his autobiography, Carnegie writes about the hardships he had to endure with this new job:

{{Blockquote|Soon after this Mr. John Hay, a fellow Scotch manufacturer of bobbins in Allegheny City, needed a boy, and asked whether I would not go into his service. I went, and received two dollars per week; but at first the work was even more irksome than the factory. I had to run a small steam-engine and to fire the boiler in the cellar of the bobbin factory. It was too much for me. I found myself night after night, sitting up in bed trying the steam gauges, fearing at one time that the steam was too low and that the workers above would complain that they had not power enough, and at another time that the steam was too high and that the boiler might burst.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/id395687568 |title=Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie |journal=Nature |bibcode=1921Natur.107....2L |last1=Lankester |first1=E. Ray |year=1921 |volume=107 |issue=2679 |page=2 |doi=10.1038/107002a0 |s2cid=4114721 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110003230/https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/id395687568?mt=11 |url-status=live | issn=0028-0836 }}</ref>}}