Editing Andorra (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Andorra}}

=== Prehistory ===
[[File:Gravats_del_Roc_de_les_Bruixes.JPG|left|thumb|Roc de les Bruixes prehistorical sanctuary in [[Canillo]] (detail)]]

La Balma de la [[La Margineda|Margineda]], found by archaeologists at [[Sant Julià de Lòria]], was settled in 9,500 BCE as a passing place between the two sides of the Pyrenees. The seasonal camp was perfectly located for hunting and fishing by the groups of hunter-gatherers from [[Ariège (river)|Ariege]] and [[Segre (river)|Segre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcami.cat/principat-andorra/andorra/andorra-vella/margineda|title=La Margineda – El Camí|date=21 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015125705/http://elcami.cat/principat-andorra/andorra/andorra-vella/margineda|archive-date=15 October 2014}}</ref>

During the [[Neolithic]], a group of people moved to the [[Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley|Valley of Madriu]] (the present-day Natural Park located in [[Escaldes–Engordany|Escaldes-Engordany]] declared [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]) as a permanent camp in 6640 BCE. The population of the valley grew cereals, raised domestic livestock, and developed commercial trade with people from [[Sègre (department)|Ségre]] and [[Occitania]].{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 32, 33}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}}

Other archaeological deposits include the Tombs of [[Segudet]] ([[Ordino]]) and Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Lòria), both dated in 4900–4300 BCE as an example of the [[Urnfield culture|Urn culture]] in Andorra.{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 32, 33}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}} The model of small settlements began to evolve to complex urbanism during the [[Bronze Age]]. [[Metallurgy|Metallurgical]] items of iron, ancient coins, and reliquaries can be found in the [[Sanctuary|ancient sanctuaries]] scattered around the country.

The sanctuary of Roc de les Bruixes (Stone of the Witches) is perhaps the most important archeological complex of this age in Andorra, located in the parish of [[Canillo]], about the rituals of funerals, ancient scripture and engraved stone [[mural]]s.{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 34, 35, 38, 39}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}}

===Iberian and Roman Andorra===
[[File:Ann%C3%ADbal,_andosins.png|left|thumb|[[Hannibal]]'s route (red) during the [[Second Punic War]]. The Iberian tribes (green) fought against the [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian]] army in the Pyrenees]]

The inhabitants of the valleys were traditionally associated with the [[Iberians]] and historically located in Andorra as the Iberian tribe Andosins or Andosini ({{lang|grc|Ἀνδοσίνους}}) during the 7th and 2nd centuries BC. Influenced by the [[Proto-Celtic language|Celtic]], [[Aquitanian language|Aquitanian]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Iberian languages]], the locals developed some current toponyms. Early writings and documents relating to this group of people goes back to the second century BC by the Greek writer [[Polybius]] in his ''Histories'' during the [[Punic Wars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www15.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/mapes/mapes.html?idioma=1&start=cercador|title=Mapes Vius – Linguamon. Casa de les Llengües|date=22 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522044257/http://www15.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/mapes/mapes.html?idioma=1&start=cercador|archive-date=22 May 2010}}</ref>{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|p = 43}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 36, 37}}

Some of the most significant remains of this era are the Castle of the Roc d'Enclar (part of the early [[Marca Hispanica]]),{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 44, 45, 46, 47}} l'Anxiu in [[Les Escaldes]] and Roc de L'Oral in [[Encamp]].{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 36, 37}}

The presence of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] influence is recorded from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE. The places with the most Roman presence are in Camp Vermell (Red Field) in [[Sant Julià de Lòria]], and in some places in Encamp and in the Roc d'Enclar. People continued trading, mainly with wine and cereals, with the Roman cities of [[Urgellet]] (the present-day [[La Seu d'Urgell]]) and across Segre through the [[Roman roads|''via romana'']] Strata Ceretana (also known as Strata Confluetana).{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 44 a 92}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 52, 53}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 44, 45, 46, 47}}

===Visigoths and Carolingians: the legend of Charlemagne===
[[File:Charlemagne_et_Louis_le_Pieux.jpg|right|thumb|[[Charlemagne]] instructing his son, [[Louis the Pious]]]]

After the [[fall of the Roman Empire]], Andorra came under the influence of the [[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigoths]], the [[History of Toledo, Spain#Visigothic Toledo|Kingdom of Toledo]], and the [[Diocese of Urgell]]. The Visigoths remained in the valleys for 200 years, during which time [[Gothic Christianity|Christianity]] spread. When the [[Al-Andalus|Muslim Empire of Al-Andalus]] replaced the ruling Visigoths in most of the Iberian Peninsula, Andorra was sheltered from these [[Arab]] invaders by the [[Francia|Franks]].{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009}}

Tradition holds that Charles the Great (Charlemagne) granted a charter to the Andorran people for a contingent of 5,000 soldiers under the command of Marc Almugaver, in return for fighting against the [[Moors]] near [[Porté-Puymorens]] ([[Cerdanya]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://turisme.andorralavella.ad/llegendes-tradicionals/pas-carlemany|title=El pas de Carlemany – Turisme Andorra la Vella|website=turisme.andorralavella.ad|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803170725/http://turisme.andorralavella.ad/llegendes-tradicionals/pas-carlemany|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Parr%C3%B2quies_andorra.png|right|thumb|The six old parishes, each named for their [[patron saint]], as depicted in the ''Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell'' (839)]]

Andorra remained part of the [[Hispanic Marches|Frankish ''Marca Hispanica'']], the buffer zone between the [[Francia|Frankish Empire]] and the Muslim territories, Andorra being part of the territory ruled by the [[Counts of Urgell|Count of Urgell]] and eventually the bishop of the Diocese of Urgell. Tradition also holds that it was guaranteed by the son of Charlemagne, [[Louis the Pious]], writing the ''Carta de Poblament'' or a local [[municipal charter]] {{Circa|805}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpuntavui.cat/article/19-cultura/933027-andorra-mira-els-arxius.html|title=Andorra mira els arxius|first=Jaume|last=Vidal|website=Elpuntavui.cat|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

In 988, Count [[Borrell II]] of Urgell gave the Andorran valleys to the Diocese of Urgell in exchange for land in [[Cerdanya]].<ref name="histo1">{{Cite GREC|title=La formació d'Andorra|andorra-0#anchor_-la-formaci-d-andorra}}</ref> Since then, the bishop of Urgell, based in Seu d'Urgell, has been [[Co-Princes of Andorra|co-prince]] of Andorra.<ref name=elements>{{cite web|url=http://www.coprince-fr.ad/catala/elements.htm |title=Elements de la història del Principat d'Andorra |language=ca |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100209181327/http://www.coprince-fr.ad/catala/elements.htm |archive-date= 9 February 2010 }}</ref>

The first document that mentions Andorra as a territory is the ''Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell'' (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell). The document, dated 839, depicts the six old [[Parishes of Andorra|parishes]] of the Andorran valleys that made up the country's administrative division.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 96 a 146}}

===Middle Ages: The Paréages and the founding of the Co-Principality===
[[File:Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Sant_Joan_de_Caselles_-_7.jpg|left|thumb|[[Sant Joan de Caselles]] church, dating from the 11th century, part of the Andorran Romanesque heritage]]
Before 1095, Andorra had no military protection, and the bishop of Urgell, who knew that the count of Urgell wanted to reclaim the Andorran valleys,<ref name=elements/> asked the [[Lord of Caboet]] for help and protection. In 1095, the lord of Caboet and the bishop of Urgell signed under oath a declaration of their co-sovereignty over Andorra. [[Arnalda de Caboet]], daughter of Arnau of Caboet, married the viscount of Castellbò. Their daughter, [[Ermessenda de Castellbò]],<ref>{{Cite GREC|title=Ermessenda de Castellbò|ermessenda-de-castellbo}}</ref> married the [[count of Foix]], [[Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix|Roger-Bernard II]]. Roger-Bernard II and Ermessenda shared rule over Andorra with the bishop of Urgell.

In the 13th century, a military dispute arose between the bishop of Urgell and the count of Foix as aftermath of the [[Cathar Crusade]]. The conflict was resolved in 1278 with the mediation of the [[king of Aragon]], [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter III]], between the bishop and the count, by the signing of the [[Paréage of Andorra 1278|first paréage]], which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the count of Foix<ref name=elements/> (whose title would ultimately transfer to the French head of state) and the bishop of Urgell, in [[Catalonia]]. This gave the principality its territory and political form.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 96 a 146}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009}}

A second paréage was signed in 1288 after a dispute when the count of Foix ordered the construction of a castle in Roc d'Enclar.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 96 a 146}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009}} The document was ratified by the noble notary [[County of Cerdanya|Jaume Orig of Puigcerdà]], and construction of military structures in the country was prohibited.{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 60, 61}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 96 a 146}}

In 1364, the political organisation of the country named the figure of the [[syndic]] (now spokesman and president of the parliament) as representative of the Andorrans to their co-princes, making possible the creation of [[Parishes of Andorra|local departments]] (comuns, quarts and veïnats). After being ratified by Bishop Francesc Tovia and Count [[John I, Count of Foix|John I]], the Consell de la Terra or [[General Council (Andorra)|Consell General de les Valls]] (General Council of the Valleys) was founded in 1419, the second oldest parliament in Europe. The syndic Andreu d'Alàs and the General Council organised the creation of the [[Politics of Andorra#Judicial branch|Justice Courts]] (La Cort de Justicia) in 1433 with the co-princes and the collection of taxes like foc i lloc (literally "fire and site", a national tax active since then).{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 78, 79, 80, 81, 88, 89}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009}}

[[File:065_Absis_de_Sant_Miquel_d%27Engolasters.jpg|right|thumb|Apse fresco of [[Església de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters|Sant Miquel d'Engolasters]] church, painted by Mestre de Santa Coloma during the 12th century<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museunacional.cat/ca/colleccio/absis-dengolasters/mestre-de-santa-coloma-dandorra/015972-000|title=Absis d'Engolasters – Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya|website=Museunacional.cat|date=5 December 2013 |access-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803153242/http://www.museunacional.cat/ca/colleccio/absis-dengolasters/mestre-de-santa-coloma-dandorra/015972-000|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>]]

Although there are remains of ecclesiastical works dating before the 9th century (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar or [[Església de Santa Coloma]]), Andorra developed exquisite [[Romanesque Art and Architecture|Romanesque Art]] during the 9th through 14th centuries, particularly in the construction of churches, bridges, religious murals and statues of the [[Virgin and Child]] ([[Our Lady of Meritxell]] being the most important).{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009}} Nowadays, the [[List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches#Romanesque churches in Spain, Portugal and Andorra|Romanesque]] buildings that form part of [[Cultural Heritage of Andorra|Andorra's cultural heritage]] stand out in a remarkable way, with an emphasis on [[Església de Sant Esteve]], [[Sant Joan de Caselles]], [[Església de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters]], [[Sant Martí de la Cortinada]] and the medieval bridges of [[Pont de la Margineda|Margineda]] and [[Pont dels Escalls|Escalls]] among many others.{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 48, 49}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 150 a 194}}

The Catalan Pyrenees were embryonic of the [[Catalan language]] at the end of the 11th century. Andorra was influenced by this language, which was adopted locally decades before it expanded to the rest of the Crown of Aragon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webs.racocatala.cat/cat1714/d/histcat.pdf|title=HISTÒRIA DE LA LLENGUA CATALANA|website=Racocatala.cat|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035808/http://webs.racocatala.cat/cat1714/d/histcat.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

The local economy during the [[Middle Ages]] was based on livestock, agriculture, furs and weavers. Later, at the end of the 11th century, the first [[Bloomery#Early to Medieval Europe|iron foundries]] began to appear in Northern Parishes like [[Ordino]], much appreciated by the master artisans who developed the art of the forges, an important economic activity in the country from the 15th century.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009}}

===16th to 18th centuries===
[[File:Tribunal_de_Corts_d%27Andorra.JPG|right|thumb|Main hall of [[#Law and criminal justice|Tribunal de Corts]] (High Court of Justice) inside [[Casa de la Vall]], the central Judiciary Court of Andorra]]
In 1601 the [[#Law and criminal justice|Tribunal de Corts]] (High Court of Justice) was created as a result of [[Huguenot rebellions]] in [[Early modern France|France]], [[Spanish Inquisition|Inquisition]] courts coming from [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] and [[Catalan mythology about witches|witchcraft-related beliefs native to the area]], in the context of the [[Reformation]] and [[Counter-Reformation]].{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|pp=44, 45, 47, 48, 50}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 108, 109}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 238, 239}}

With the passage of time, the co-title to Andorra passed to the kings of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]. After [[Henry IV of France|Henry III of Navarre]] became [[king of France]], he issued an edict in 1607 that established the head of the French state and the bishop of Urgell as [[Co-Princes of Andorra]], a political arrangement that still holds.

During 1617, communal councils form the sometent (popular militia or army) to deal with the rise of bandolerisme ([[brigandage]]) and the Consell de la Terra was defined and structured in terms of its composition, organisation and competences current today.{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|pp=44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 56}}

Andorra continued with the same economic system that it had during the 12th–14th centuries with a large production of metallurgy (fargues, a system similar to Farga Catalana) and with the introduction of tobacco circa 1692 and import trade. In 1371 and 1448, the co-princes ratified the fair of Andorra la Vella, the most important annual national festival commercially ever since.{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|p=14}}{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|p=15}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|p = 134}}
[[File:Building_in_Ordino._Andorra_216.jpg|right|thumb|[[Manor house]] of the Rossell family in [[Ordino]], [[Casa Rossell]], built in 1611. The family also owned the largest ironwork forges in Andorra as Farga Rossell and Farga del Serrat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bondia.ad/cultura/390000-euros-rehabilitar-lexterior-i-obrir-els-jardins-de-la-casa-rossell|title=390.000 euros per rehabilitar l'exterior i obrir els jardins de la Casa Rossell – BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.|work=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra. |date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809133417/http://www.bondia.ad/cultura/390000-euros-rehabilitar-lexterior-i-obrir-els-jardins-de-la-casa-rossell|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>]]
The country had a unique and experienced guild of weavers, Confraria de Paraires i Teixidors, in [[Escaldes-Engordany]]. Founded in 1604, it took advantage of the local thermal waters. By this time, the country was characterised by the social system of prohoms (wealthy society) and casalers (rest of the population with smaller economic acquisition), deriving from the tradition of [[pubilla]] and [[Heir|hereu]].{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|pp=20, 21}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp=106, 107}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp = 105, 106, 107, 140, 141}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp = 263 a 270}}

Three centuries after its foundation, the Consell de la Terra located its headquarters and the Tribunal de Corts in [[Casa de la Vall]] in 1702. The [[manor house]] built in 1580 served as a noble fortress of the Busquets family. Inside the parliament was placed the Closet of the six keys (Armari de les sis claus), representative of each Andorran parish, where the [[Andorran constitution]] and other documents and laws were later kept.{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|p=60}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|p = 82}}

In both the [[Reapers' War]] and the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], the Andorran people (while professing to be a neutral country) supported the [[Catalans]] who saw their [[Catalan constitutions|rights]] reduced in [[Nueva Planta decrees|1716]]. The reaction was the promotion of Catalan writings in Andorra, with cultural works such as the ''Book of Privileges'' (''Llibre de Privilegis de 1674''), ''Manual Digest'' (1748) by Antoni Fiter i Rossell or the ''Polità andorrà'' (1763) by Antoni Puig.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|p = 229}}{{sfn|Llop Rovira|1998|pp = 49 a 52, i 57, 58}}

=== 19th century: the New Reform and the Andorran Question <span class="anchor" id="New Reform of Andorra"></span> ===
[[File:Guillem d'Areny-Plandolit (cropped).png|thumb|upright|left|[[Guillem d'Areny-Plandolit]] led the New Reform of 1866]]
After the [[French Revolution]], [[Napoleon I]] reestablished the Co-Principate in 1809 and removed the French medieval title. In 1812–1813, the [[First French Empire]] annexed Catalonia during the [[Peninsular War]] ({{lang|ca|Guerra Peninsular}}) and divided the region into four [[département]]s, with Andorra as a part of the district of [[Puigcerdà]]. In 1814, an imperial decree reestablished the independence and economy of Andorra.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|p=172}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|p=172}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=342–343}}

During this period, Andorra's late medieval institutions and rural culture remained largely unchanged. In 1866, the [[syndic]] [[Guillem d'Areny-Plandolit]] led the reformist group in a Council General of 24 members elected by suffrage limited to heads of families. The Council General replaced the aristocratic oligarchy that previously ruled the state.<ref name="ReferenceA">Page 966, Volume 1, [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Eleventh Edition, 1910–1911</ref>

The New Reform ({{lang|ca|Nova Reforma}}) began after ratification by both Co-Princes and established the basis of the [[Constitution of Andorra|constitution]]<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/49262/150-anys-de-la-nova-reforma|title = Antoni Pol – 150 anys de la (nova) Reforma| work=El Periòdic d'Andorra |language = ca|access-date = 2 February 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122112/https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/49262/150-anys-de-la-nova-reforma|archive-date = 6 May 2019}}</ref> and symbols{{snd}}such as the [[Flag of Andorra|tricolour flag]]{{snd}}of Andorra. A new [[service economy]] arose as a demand of the valley inhabitants and began to build infrastructure such as hotels, spa resorts, roads and telegraph lines.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=192–193}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp=191–193}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=345–347}}

[[File:Revoluci%C3%B3_de_1881_d%27Andorra.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|[[Canillo]] scenery during the Revolution of 1881<ref>{{cite book|title = Saqueo de Canillo por las fuerzas del gobierno revolucionario tras el sitio de la aldea|url = https://www.wdl.org/es/item/18266/|language = es|date =1881|publisher = J. J. Dubochet|access-date = 3 August 2017}}</ref>]]

The authorities of the Co-Princes banned casinos and betting houses throughout the country. The ban resulted in an economic conflict and the Revolution of 1881, which began when revolutionaries assaulted the house of the syndic on 8 December 1880, and established the Provisional Revolutionary Council led by Joan Pla i Calvo and Pere Baró i Mas. The Provisional Revolutionary Council allowed for the construction of casinos and spas by foreign companies.{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=198–203}} From 7 to 9 June 1881, the loyalists of [[Canillo]] and [[Encamp]] reconquered the parishes of [[Ordino]] and [[La Massana]] by establishing contact with the revolutionary forces in [[Escaldes-Engordany]].{{sfn|Peruga Guerrero|1998|pp=59–63}} After a day of combat the [[Pont dels Escalls|Treaty of the Bridge of Escalls]] was signed on 10 June.{{sfn|Ministeri d'Educació, Joventut i Esports|1996|pp=58–65}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=194–195}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=348–350}} The council was replaced and new elections were held. The economic situation worsened, as the populace was divided over the {{lang|ca|Qüestió d'Andorra}}&nbsp;– the "Andorran Question" in relation to the [[Eastern Question]].{{sfn|Peruga Guerrero|1998|pp=64–68}} The struggles continued between pro-bishops, pro-French, and nationalists based on the troubles of Canillo in 1882 and 1885.{{sfn|Ministeri d'Educació, Joventut i Esports|1996|pp=67–70}}{{sfn|Guillamet Anton|2009|pp=198–203}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=352–353}}

Andorra participated in the cultural movement of the Catalan [[Renaixença]]. Between 1882 and 1887, the first academic schools were formed where trilingualism coexisted with the official language, Catalan. [[Romanticism|Romantic]] authors from [[French Third Republic|France]] and [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]] reported the awakening of the [[Romantic nationalism|national consciousness]] of the country. [[Jacint Verdaguer]] lived in Ordino during the 1880s where he wrote and shared works related to the Renaixença with writer and photographer [[Casa Rossell|Joaquim de Riba]].

In 1848, [[Fromental Halévy]] had premiered the opera ''[[Le val d'Andorre]]'' to great success in Europe, where the national consciousness of the valleys was exposed in the romantic work during the Peninsular War.{{sfn|Peruga Guerrero|1998|pp=78–81}}{{sfn|Ministeri d'Educació, Joventut i Esports|1996|p=74}}{{sfn|Armengol Aleix|2009|pp=354–357}}

===20th and 21st century: Modernisation of the country and constitutional Andorra===
[[File:Skossyreff Writing Constitution.png|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[Boris Skossyreff]], briefly self-proclaimed King of Andorra in 1934]]

In 1933 France occupied Andorra following social unrest which occurred before elections due to the [[Andorran Revolution|Revolution of 1933]] and the FHASA strikes (Vagues de FHASA); the revolt led by [[Young Andorrans|Joves Andorrans]] (a [[Trade union|labour union group]] related to the Spanish [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] and [[Federación Anarquista Ibérica|FAI]]) called for political reforms,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international-club-andorra.com/andorra-club-intercomm/historical-andorra-articles/rebellion-in-andorra-1933/|title=Rebellion in Andorra 1933 – International Club of Andorra|website=International-club-andorra.com|date=5 March 2017 |access-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122103/https://www.international-club-andorra.com/andorra-club-intercomm/historical-andorra-articles/rebellion-in-andorra-1933/|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> the [[universal suffrage|universal suffrage vote]] of all Andorrans and acted in defence of the rights of local and foreign workers during the construction of FHASA's hydroelectric power station in [[Encamp]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/1933-la-republica-que-quasi-va-ser|title=1933: la República que quasi va ser|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.}}</ref> On 5 April 1933 Joves Andorrans seized the Andorran Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Príncipes de Andorra |url=https://www.pressreader.com/spain/la-vanguardia-1%C2%AA-edici%C3%B3n/20170604/282071981866496 |via=PressReader}}</ref> These actions were preceded by the arrival of Colonel René-Jules Baulard with 50 [[National Gendarmerie|gendarmes]] and the mobilisation of 200 local militias or sometent led by the Síndic Francesc Cairat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/quan-vam-treure-lescopeta|title=Quan vam treure l'escopeta|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.}}</ref>

On 6 July 1934, adventurer and nobleman [[Boris Skossyreff]], with his promise of freedoms and modernisation of the country and wealth through the establishment of a tax haven and foreign investments, received the support of the members of the General Council to proclaim himself the sovereign of Andorra. On 8 July 1934 Boris issued a proclamation in Urgell, declaring himself Boris I, King of Andorra,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andorraantiga.com/boris-i-rei-d-andorra.html|title=Boris I Rei d'Andorra|first=Albert Daina|last=Marsenyach|website=El Coprincipat d'Andorra ara fa molt de temps.|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116043649/http://www.andorraantiga.com/boris-i-rei-d-andorra.html|archive-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> simultaneously declaring war on the Bishop of Urgell and approving the King's constitution on 10 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/opinio/la-primera-constitucio|title=La primera Constitució|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122350/https://www.bondia.ad/opinio/la-primera-constitucio|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> He was arrested by the Co-Prince and Bishop [[Justí Guitart i Vilardebó]] and their authorities on 20 July and ultimately expelled from [[Second Spanish Republic|Spain]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/09/20/archives/-king-boris-of-andorra-is-sent-to-jail-in-spain.html|title='King' Boris of Andorra Is Sent to Jail in Spain|date=20 September 1934|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> From 1936 until 1940, a French military detachment of [[Garde Mobile]] led by well-known Colonel René-Jules Baulard was garrisoned in Andorra to secure the principality against disruption from the [[Spanish Civil War]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/60166/limpacte-dels-refugiats-durant-la-guerra-civil|title=L'impacte dels refugiats durant la Guerra Civil|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=28 September 2017 |access-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122055/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/60166/limpacte-dels-refugiats-durant-la-guerra-civil|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> and [[Francoist Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/1937-baulard-compta-morts|title=1937: Baulard compta morts|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.|access-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122102/https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/1937-baulard-compta-morts|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> and also face the rise of [[Republicanism]] in the aftermath of the 1933 Revolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publicacions.iec.cat/Front/repository/pdf/00000258/00000034.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://publicacions.iec.cat/Front/repository/pdf/00000258/00000034.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=La revolución andorrana del 1933|website=Publicacions.iec.cat|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> During the Spanish Civil War, the inhabitants of Andorra welcomed refugees from both sides, and many of them settled permanently in the country thus contributing to the subsequent economic boom and the entry into the [[Capitalism|capitalist]] era of Andorra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.editorialgavarres.cat/index.php?option=com_redshop&view=product&pid=65&Itemid=23&lang=ca|title=Franquisme i repressió – Cadí-Pedraforca – Editorial Gavarres|website=Editorialgavarres.cat|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122054/http://www.editorialgavarres.cat/index.php?option=com_redshop&view=product&pid=65&Itemid=23&lang=ca|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="qucut.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.qucut.com/portfolio/documental-2/|title=Jordi Sasplugas. El Mirador d'Andorra. Documental|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085844/http://www.qucut.com/portfolio/documental-2/|archive-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> Francoist troops reached the Andorran border in the later stages of the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/47550/andorra-entre-guerres|title=Andorra entre guerres|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=13 November 2015 |access-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122103/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/47550/andorra-entre-guerres|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>

[[File:22B_andorra_2.jpg|thumb|Enthronement as Co-Prince in 1942 of Bishop [[Ramon Iglesias i Navarri|Ramón Iglesias]] (centre). The local comite was led by Francesc Cairat (left), the [[List of First Syndics of the General Council|First General Syndic]] with the longest regencie, from 1936 to 1960<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/44230/francesc-cairat-i-freixes|title=Antoni Pol – Francesc Cairat i Freixes|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122053/https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/44230/francesc-cairat-i-freixes|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>]]

During World War II, Andorra remained neutral and was an important smuggling route between [[Vichy France]] and Francoist Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/66337/1/TFG%20Esteves%20Lorenzo%2C%20Sergi.pdf|title=Exili i evasions al Principat d'Andorra durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola i la Segona Guerra Mundial 1936–1945|website=Diposit.ub.edu|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> Many Andorrans criticised the passivity of the General Council for impeding both the entry and expulsion of foreigners and refugees, committing economic crimes,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blocs.mesvilaweb.cat/txemabofill/entrevista-a-enric-melich-gutierrez-maquis-de-la-resistencia-francesa-passador-de-jueus-i-clandestins-activista-anarquista-llibreter-i-sindicalista/|title=Entrevista a Enric Melich Gutiérrez, maquis de la resistència francesa, passador de jueus i clandestins, activista anarquista, llibreter i sindicalista – En contra|date=21 July 2012|website=Blocs de VilaWeb}}</ref> reducing the rights of citizens<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cossetania.com/la-crulla-andorrana-de-1933-la-revoluci-de-la-modernitat-939|title=La cruïlla andorrana de 1933: la revolució de la modernitat|website=Cossetania.com|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090415/https://www.cossetania.com/la-crulla-andorrana-de-1933-la-revoluci-de-la-modernitat-939|archive-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> and sympathy with [[Francoism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aquiradioandorra.free.fr/DocumentsInedits/1944-08-15-Lettre.pdf|title=Letter|website=Aquiradioandorra.free.fr|access-date=26 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203150323/http://aquiradioandorra.free.fr/DocumentsInedits/1944-08-15-Lettre.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="iec.cat">{{cite web|url=https://publicacions.iec.cat/Front/repository/pdf/00000119/00000079.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://publicacions.iec.cat/Front/repository/pdf/00000119/00000079.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=L'Andorra "fosca " i l'Andorra "generosa " durant la Segona Guerra Mundial Claudi Benet i Mas|website=Publicacions.iec.cat|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> General Council members justified the council's political and diplomatic actions as necessary for Andorra's survival and the protection of its sovereignty. Andorra was relatively unscathed by the two world wars and the Spanish Civil War.<ref name="iec.cat"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/1936-1945-dues-guerres-i-un-miracle|title=1936–1945: dues guerres i un miracle|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122102/https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/1936-1945-dues-guerres-i-un-miracle|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> Certain [[Resistance during World War II|groups]] formed to help victims of oppression in [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]]-occupied countries, while participating in smuggling to help Andorra survive. Among the most prominent was the [[Hostal Palanques]] Evasion Network Command, which, in contact with the British [[MI6]], helped almost 400 fugitives,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/32684/adu-a-una-estirp-dherois|title=L'últim del Palanques|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=26 August 2013 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122124/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/32684/adu-a-una-estirp-dherois|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> among whom were [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] military personnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/32410/sigues-britnic|title=¡Sigues britànic!|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=8 August 2013 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122105/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/32410/sigues-britnic|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/20065/baldrich-heroi-de-novella|title=Baldrich, heroi de novel·la|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=7 January 2012 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122053/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/20065/baldrich-heroi-de-novella|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> The Command remained active between 1941 and 1944, although there were struggles with [[Axis powers|pro-Axis]] informers and [[Gestapo]] agents in Andorra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/19993/camina-quimet-camina|title=Camina, Quimet, camina|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=3 January 2012 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122055/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/19993/camina-quimet-camina|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>
[[File:23-24.10.67. De Gaulle en Andorre (1967) - 53Fi5569.jpg|thumb|Co-Prince [[Charles de Gaulle]] in the streets of Sant Julià de Lòria in Andorra, October 1967]]

In the capital city there was a smuggling black market of propaganda, culture and cinematic art not favourable to totalitarian regimes, promulgated in such places as the Hotel Mirador or the Casino Hotel,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/en-terres-dandorra-la-primera-obra-de-teatre-escrita-un-autor-autocton|title='En terres d'Andorra', la primera obra de teatre escrita per un autor autòcton|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122103/https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/en-terres-dandorra-la-primera-obra-de-teatre-escrita-un-autor-autocton|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> as a meeting place for [[Free France|Free French]] forces and a route for escorting crashed Allied pilots out of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andora |url=https://www.nevingtonwarmuseum.com/andora.html |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=Nevington War Museum |language=en}}</ref> The network was maintained after the war, when film societies were formed, where movies, music and books [[Censorship in Francoist Spain|censored in Franco's Spain]] were imported, becoming an anti-censorship attraction for the Catalan or foreign public even within Andorra.<ref name="qucut.com"/> Andorran Group (Agrupament Andorrà), an [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist organisation]] linked to the Occitanie's [[French Resistance]], accused the French representative (veguer) of collaboration with [[Nazism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/36296/una-dodis-sarracens-a-la-vegueria|title=Una d'odis sarracens a la vegueria|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=22 March 2014 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122126/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/36296/una-dodis-sarracens-a-la-vegueria|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>

The Andorran opening to the [[capitalist economy]] resulted in two axes: mass tourism and the country's tax exemption. The first steps towards the capitalist boom date from the 1930s, with the construction of FHASA<ref name="iec.cat1">{{Cite web|url=http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/TSCG/article/download/37437/37420|title=La transformació econòmica d'Andorra durant el segle XX|accessdate=24 February 2025}}</ref> and the creation of professional banking<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/66337/1/TFG%20Esteves%20Lorenzo%2C%20Sergi.pdf|title=Exili i evasions al Principat d'Andorra durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola i la Segona Guerra Mundial 1936–1945|first=Sergi Esteves|last=Lorenzo|publisher=University of Barcelona|access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> with [[Andbank|Banc Agrícol]] (1930) and [[Crèdit Andorrà]] (1949), later with [[Mora Banc Grup|Banca Mora]] (1952), [[Banca Privada d'Andorra|Banca Cassany]] (1958) and SOBANCA (1960). Shortly after, activities such as skiing and shopping become a tourist attraction, with the inauguration of ski resorts and cultural entities in the late 1930s.<ref name="iec.cat1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/19718/petita-cronica-de-la-gran-passio-blanca|title=Petita crònica de la gran passió blanca|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=19 December 2011 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122055/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/19718/petita-cronica-de-la-gran-passio-blanca|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> All in all, a renovated hotel industry has developed. In April 1968 a social health insurance system was created ([[Caixa Andorrana de Seguretat Social|CASS]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://andorraguides.com/healthcare/system/|title=Andorra's Healthcare System|last=Andorra Guides|date=30 April 2018|website=Andorra Guides|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122053/https://andorraguides.com/healthcare/system/|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Andorra - panoramio (2).jpg|thumb|Streets of the city centre of Andorra la Vella in 1986. From the same year until 1989 Andorra normalised the economic treaties with the [[European Economic Community|EEC]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1989/12/18/economia/629938809_850215.html|title=La CE concluye un acuerdo de unión aduanera con Andorra|date=18 December 1989|newspaper=El País}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1986/09/27/internacional/528156020_850215.html|title=François Mitterrand alienta las reformas en Andorras|date=27 September 1986|newspaper=El País}}</ref>|alt=]]
[[File:Gilbert Saboya Sebastian Kurz (13927283877).jpg|thumb|right|Foreign Minister of Andorra [[Gilbert Saboya Sunye|Gilbert Saboya]] meeting Austrian foreign minister [[Sebastian Kurz]] at the [[Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe]] in 2014]]

The Andorran government necessarily involved planning, projection and forecasts for the future: with the official visit of the French co-prince [[Charles de Gaulle]] in 1967 and 1969, it was given approval for the economic boom and national demands within the framework of [[Human rights in Andorra|human rights]] and international openness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coprince-fr.ad/ca/charles-de-gaulle |date=October 23, 1967 |title=S.E. Charles de Gaulle|website=Representació del S.E. Copríncep Francès al Principat d'Andorra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207155141/https://www.coprince-fr.ad/ca/charles-de-gaulle |archive-date= Feb 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/61705/el-coprincep-de-gaulle|author1=Antoni Pol |title= El copríncep De Gaulle |date=January 3, 2018 |website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122054/https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/61705/el-coprincep-de-gaulle|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>

Andorra experienced an era commonly known as the "Andorran dream"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andorradifusio.ad/noticies/els-anys-50-linici-del-somni-andorra|title=Els anys 50, l'inici del somni andorrà |website=Andorra Difusió |date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122105/https://www.andorradifusio.ad/noticies/els-anys-50-linici-del-somni-andorra|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> (similar to the [[American Dream]]) along with the [[Trente Glorieuses]]: the mass culture rooted the country experiencing radical changes in the economy and culture. Proof of this was [[Ràdio Andorra]], the top musical radio station in Europe in this period,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/67199/sintonitzant-la-sobirania|title=Sintonitzant la sobirania|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra |author1=Mireia Aguilar |date=October 10, 2018 |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122102/https://www.elperiodic.ad/noticia/67199/sintonitzant-la-sobirania|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> with guests and speakers of great importance promoting musical hits of [[chanson française]], [[Swing (dance)|swing]], [[rhythm & blues]], [[jazz]], [[rock and roll]] and [[Country music|American country music]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariomnipresente.com/aqui-radio-andorra-la-radio-que-divertia-a-los-europeos/|title=Aquí Radio Andorra, la radio que divertía a los europeos|first=Javi|last=Ruiz-Medrano|date=24 February 2015 |website=DiariOmnipresente |access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123071812/http://diariomnipresente.com/aqui-radio-andorra-la-radio-que-divertia-a-los-europeos/|archive-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> During this period Andorra achieved a GDP per capita and a life expectancy higher than the most standard countries of the current economy.<ref name="iec.cat1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/opinio/2016/09/26/la_reinvencio_andorra_encert_estrategic_107124_1129.html|title=La reinvenció d'Andorra: un encert estratègic|first=Gonzalo|last=Bernardos|date=26 September 2016|website=Diari d'Andorra|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121306/https://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/opinio/2016/09/26/la_reinvencio_andorra_encert_estrategic_107124_1129.html|archive-date=23 January 2019}}</ref>

Given its relative isolation, Andorra has existed outside the mainstream of European history, with few ties to countries other than France, Spain and [[Portugal]]. But in recent times its thriving tourist industry, along with developments in transport and communications, have removed the country from its isolation. Since 1976 the country has seen the need to reform Andorran institutions due to anachronisms in sovereignty, human rights and the balance of powers as well as the need to adapt legislation to modern demands. In 1982 a first separation of powers took place when instituting the Govern d'Andorra, under the name of the executive board (Consell Executiu), chaired by the first prime minister [[Òscar Ribas Reig]] with the co-princes' approval.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/efemerides/marc-pons-andorra-primer-cap-govern_227061_102.html|title=Andorra tria el primer cap de govern de la seva història|website=ElNacional.cat |author1= Marc Pons |date=2018 |access-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506122057/https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/efemerides/marc-pons-andorra-primer-cap-govern_227061_102.html|archive-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> In 1989 the Principality signed an agreement with the [[European Economic Community]] to regularise trade relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:21990A1231(02)|id= 21990A1231(02) |title=Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra - Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra - Joint Declarations |language=EN |website=EUR-Lex |date=28 June 1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219041223/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A21990A1231(02) |archive-date= Dec 19, 2023 }}</ref>

Its political system was modernised in 1993 after the [[Andorran constitutional referendum, 1993|Andorran constitutional referendum]], when the [[Constitution of Andorra|constitution]] was drafted by the co-princes and the General Council and approved on 14 March<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D.]] & Stöver, P. (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 160 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> by 74.2% of voters, with a 76% turnout.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p. 162</ref> The [[Andorran parliamentary election, 1993|first elections]] under the new constitution were held later in the year.<ref name=NS/> The same year, Andorra became a member of the United Nations and the [[Council of Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exteriors.ad/es/asuntos-multilaterales-y-cooperaciin/andorra-y-los-organismos-internacionales|title=Andorra y los organismos internacionales|website=Exteriors.ad}}</ref>

Andorra formalised diplomatic relations with the United States in 1996, participating in the 51st [[UN General Assembly]]. First General Syndic [[Marc Forné Molné|Marc Forné]] took part in a speech in Catalan in the General Assembly to defend the reform of the organisation, and after three days he took part in the [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]] to defend Andorra's linguistic rights and economy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/07/26/internacional/838332014_850215.html|title=Entrevista – 'Andorra no quiere ser un lugar donde se recoja dinero negro'|date=26 July 1996|newspaper=El País}}</ref> In 2006 a monetary agreement with the European Union was formalised that allows Andorra to use the [[euro]] officially, as well as minting its own euro coins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32004D0548&from=EN|title=DECISIÓN DEL CONSEJO de 11 de mayo de 2004 relativa a la posición que debe adoptar la Comunidad en relación con un acuerdo sobre las relaciones monetarias con el Principado de Andorra|website=Eur-lex.europa.eu|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2011:369:0001:0013:ES:PDF|title=COMUNICACIONES PROCEDENTES DE LAS INSTITUCIONES, ÓRGANOS Y ORGANISMOS DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA COMISIÓN EUROPEA|website=Eur-lex.europa.eu|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref>