Editing Anatomical pathology (section)

==Skills and procedures==
The procedures used in anatomic pathology include:
* [[Gross examination]] – the examination of diseased tissues with the naked eye. This is important especially for large tissue fragments, because the disease can often be visually identified. It is also at this step that the pathologist selects areas that will be processed for histopathology. The eye can sometimes be aided with a [[magnifying glass]] or a [[optical microscope|stereo microscope]], especially when examining parasitic organisms.
* [[Histopathology]] – the [[microscope|microscopic]] examination of stained tissue sections using [[histology|histological]] techniques. The standard stains are [[haematoxylin]] and [[eosin]], but many others exist. The use of haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides to provide specific diagnoses based on morphology is considered to be the core skill of anatomic pathology. The science of staining tissues sections is called [[histochemistry]].
* [[Immunohistochemistry]] – the use of antibodies to detect the presence, abundance, and localization of specific proteins. This technique is critical to distinguishing between disorders with similar morphology, as well as characterizing the molecular properties of certain cancers.
* [[In situ hybridization]] – Specific [[DNA]] and [[RNA]] molecules can be identified on sections using this technique. When the probe is labeled with [[fluorescent]] dye, the technique is called [[Fluorescent in situ hybridization|FISH]].
* [[Cytopathology]] – the examination of loose cells spread and stained on glass slides using [[Cell biology|cytology]] techniques
* [[Electron microscopy]] – the examination of tissue with an electron microscope, which allows much greater magnification, enabling the visualization of [[organelles]] within the cells. Its use has been largely supplanted by [[immunohistochemistry]], but it is still in common use for certain tasks, including the diagnosis of [[kidney]] disease and the identification of [[immotile cilia syndrome]].
* Tissue [[cytogenetics]] – the visualization of chromosomes to identify genetic defects such as [[chromosomal translocation]]
* [[Flow cytometry|Flow immunophenotyping]] – the determination of the [[immunophenotype]] of cells using [[flow cytometry]] techniques. It is very useful to diagnose the different types of [[leukemia]] and [[lymphoma]].