Editing Anacardiaceae (section)

==Taxonomy==

=== History ===

In 1759, [[Bernard de Jussieu]] arranged the plants in the royal garden of the Trianon at Versailles, according to his own scheme. That classification included a description of an order called the Terebintaceæ, which contained a suborder that included ''Cassuvium'' (''[[Anacardium]]''), ''Anacardium'' (''[[Semecarpus]]''), ''[[Mangifera]]'', ''[[Connarus]]'', ''[[Rhus]]'', and ''[[Rourea]]''.  In 1789, [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]], nephew of Bernard de Jussieu, published that classification scheme.<ref>[[#GP|Genera plantarum (1789)]] [http://www.botanicus.org/page/878848 pages 368-369] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218042808/http://www.botanicus.org/page/878848 |date=18 February 2012 }}</ref>

[[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]] described a subset of the Terebintaceae called Cassuvlæ or Anacardeæ in 1818, using the [[herbarium]] that was collected by [[Christen Smith (botanist)|Christen Smith]] during a fated expedition headed by [[James Hingston Tuckey]] to explore the [[River Congo]].  The name and genera were based on the order with the same name that had been described by de Jussieu in 1759.  The herbarium from that expedition contained only one genus from the family, ''Rhus''.<ref>[[#ZAIRE|Expedition... (1818)]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=aj1kAAAAMAAJ Appendix V, pages 430-431] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213234307/http://books.google.com/books?id=aj1kAAAAMAAJ&jtp=430 |date=13 December 2013 }}</ref>

[[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] in 1824, used Robert Brown's name Cassuvlæ or Anacardeæ, wrote another description of the group, and filled it with the genera ''[[Anacardium]]'', ''[[Semecarpus]]'', ''[[Holigarna]]'', ''[[Mangifera]]'', ''[[Buchanania]]'', ''[[Pistacia]]'', ''[[Astronium]]'', ''[[Comocladia]]'', and ''[[Picramnia]]''.<ref>[[#PS|Prodromus Systematis Naturalis (1824)]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=hBEAAAAAQAAJ pages 62-66] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221012214/https://books.google.com/books?id=hBEAAAAAQAAJ&jtp=62 |date=21 February 2017 }}</ref>

[[John Lindley]] described the "essential character" of the Anacardiaceæ, the "Cashew Tribe" in 1831, adopting the order that was described by de Jussieu, but abandoning the name Terebintaceæ.  He includes the genera that were found in de Candolle's Anacardieæ and Sumachineæ: ''Anacardium'', ''Holigarna'', ''Mangifera'', ''Rhus'', and ''[[Mauria]]''.<ref name="pages 125-127" />

===Phylogeny===
The genus ''[[Pistacia]]'' has sometimes been separated into its own family, the Pistaciaceae, based on the reduced flower structure, differences in pollen, and the feathery [[Style (botany)|style]] of the flowers.<ref name="yi2008"/>The nature of its ovary, though,  does suggest it belongs in the Anacardiaceae, a position supported by morphological and molecular studies, and recent classifications have included ''Pistacia'' in the Anacardiaceae.<ref name="yi2008"/><ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?883 Pistaciaceae Martinov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529214918/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?883 |date=29 May 2010 }}, GRIN Taxonomy for Plants, accessed 28 March 2010</ref><ref>James L. Reveal, [http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/usda/usdap.html USDA - APHIS -- Concordance of Family Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002732/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/usda/usdap.html |date=6 May 2009 }}, last revised 25 October 2006</ref> The genus ''[[Abrahamia]]'' was separated from ''[[Protorhus]]'' in 2004.(Pell 2004)

=== Subdivision ===

The family has been treated as a series of five tribes by Engler, and later into [[subfamilies]] by Takhtajan, as [[Anacardioideae]] (including tribes Anacardieae, Dobineae, Rhoideae, and Semecarpeae) and [[Spondiadoideae]] (including tribe Spondiadeae). Pell's (2008) molecular analysis reinstated the two subfamilies without further division into tribes (Pell 2004). Later, Min and Barfod, in the ''Flora of China'' (2008) reinstated the five tribes (four in Anacardioideae), and the single tribe Spondiadeae as Spondiadoideae.

===Genera===
79 genera are accepted:<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002342-2 Anacardiaceae R.Br.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=250px}}
{{unbulleted list
|''[[Abrahamia]]'' {{small|Randrian. & Lowry}}
|''[[Actinocheita]]'' {{small|F.Barkley}}
|''[[Allospondias]]'' {{small|(Pierre) Stapf}}
|''[[Amphipterygium]]'' {{small|Schiede ex Standl.}}
|''[[Anacardium]]'' {{small|L.}} ([[cashew]])
|''[[Androtium]]'' {{small|Stapf}}
|''[[Antrocaryon]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
|''[[Apterokarpos]]'' (=''Loxopterygium'')
|''[[Astronium]]'' {{small|Jacq.}}
|''[[Attilaea]]'' {{small|E.Martinez and Ramos}}
|''[[Baronia (plant)|Baronia]]'' {{small|Baker}}
|''[[Blepharocarya]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
|''[[Bonetiella]]'' {{small|Rzed.}}
|''[[Bouea]]'' {{small|Meisn.}}
|''[[Buchanania]]'' {{small|Spreng.}}
|''[[Campnosperma]]'' {{small|Thwaites}}
|''[[Campylopetalum]]'' {{small|Forman}}
|''[[Cardenasiodendron]]'' {{small|F.A.Barkley}}
|''[[Choerospondias]]'' {{small|B.L.Burtt & A.W.Hill}}
|''[[Comocladia]]'' {{small|P.Browne}}
|''[[Cotinus]]'' {{small|Mill.}} (smoke tree) 
|''[[Cyrtocarpa]]'' {{small|Kunth}}
|''[[Dobinea]]'' {{small|Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don}}
|''[[Dracontomelon]]'' {{small|Blume}}
|''[[Drimycarpus]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Ebandoua]]'' (=''Jollydora'')
|''[[Euleria]]'' (=''Picrasma'')
|''[[Euroschinus]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Faguetia]]'' {{small|Marchand}}
|''[[Fegimanra]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
|''[[Gluta]]'' {{small|L.}}
|''[[Haematostaphis]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Haplorhus]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Harpephyllum]]'' {{small|Bernh.}}
|''[[Heeria (plant)|Heeria]]'' {{small|Meisn.}}
|''[[Holigarna]]'' {{small|Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.}}
|''[[Koordersiodendron]]'' {{small|Engl. ex Koord.}}
|''[[Lannea]]'' {{small|A.Rich.}}
|''[[Laurophyllus]]'' {{small|Thunb.}}
|''[[Lithraea]]'' {{small|Miers ex Hook. & Arn.}}
|''[[Loxopterygium]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Loxostylis]]'' {{small|Spreng. ex Rchb.}}
|''[[Malosma]]'' {{small|(Nutt.) Abrams}}
|''[[Mangifera]]'' {{small|L.}} ([[mango]])
|''[[Mauria]]'' {{small|Kunth}}
|''[[Melanochyla]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Melanorrhoea]]'' (=''Gluta'')
|''[[Metopium]]''  {{small|P.Browne}}
|''[[Micronychia (plant)|Micronychia]]'' {{small|Oliv.}}
|''[[Montagueia]]'' (=''Polyscias'')
|''[[Mosquitoxylum]]'' {{small|Krug & Urb.}}
|''[[Myracrodruon]]'' {{small|Allemão}}
|''[[Nothopegia]]'' {{small|Blume}}
|''[[Ochoterenaea]]'' {{small|F.A.Barkley}}
|''[[Operculicarya]]'' {{small|H.Perrier}}
|''[[Orthopterygium]]'' {{small|Hemsl.}}
|''[[Ozoroa]]'' {{small|Delile}}
|''[[Pachycormus (plant)|Pachycormus]]'' {{small|Coville ex Standl.}}
|''[[Parishia]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Pegia]]'' {{small|Colebr.}}
|''[[Pentaspadon]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
|''[[Pistacia]]''  {{small|L.}} ([[pistachio]])
|''[[Pleiogynium]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Poupartia]]'' {{small|Comm. ex Juss.}}
|''[[Poupartiopsis]]'' {{small|Capuron ex J.D.Mitch. & Daly}}
|''[[Protorhus]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Pseudoprotorhus]]'' (=''Filicium'')
|''[[Pseudosmodingium]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Pseudospondias]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Rhodosphaera]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Rhus]]'' {{small|L.}} ([[sumac]])
|''[[Schinopsis]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
|''[[Schinus]]'' {{small|L.}} (peppertree)
|''[[Sclerocarya]]'' {{small|Hochst.}}
|''[[Searsia (plant)|Searsia]]'' {{small|F.A.Barkley}}
|''[[Semecarpus]]'' {{small|L.f.}}
|''[[Smodingium]]'' {{small|E.Mey. ex Sond.}}
|''[[Solenocarpus]]'' {{small|Wight & Arn.}}
|''[[Sorindeia]]'' {{small|Thouars}}
|''[[Spondias]]'' {{small|L.}}
|''[[Swintonia]]'' {{small|Griff.}}
|''[[Tapirira]]'' {{small|Aubl.}}
|''[[Thyrsodium]]'' {{small|Salzm. ex Benth.}}
|''[[Toxicodendron]]'' {{small|Mill.}} ([[poison ivy]], [[poison oak]], [[poison sumac]])
|''[[Trichoscypha]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
}}
{{div col end}}