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===Colonial era=== In the 1600s, imported English Thoroughbred horses were first bred with assorted local horses on the Eastern seaboard of colonial America.<ref name=QRH4>Denhardt ''Quarter Running Horse'' pp. 4–8</ref> One of the most famous of these early imports was [[Janus (horse)|Janus]], a Thoroughbred who was the grandson of the [[Godolphin Arabian]]. He was foaled in 1746, and imported to colonial Virginia in 1756.<ref name=QRH>Denhardt ''Quarter Running Horse'' pp. 20–32</ref> The influence of Thoroughbreds like Janus contributed genes crucial to the development of the colonial "Quarter Horse".<ref name=Colonial106>Mackay-Smith ''Colonial Quarter Race Horse'' p. 106</ref><ref name=Colonial138>Mackay-Smith ''Colonial Quarter Race Horse'' p. 138</ref> The resulting horse was small, hardy, quick, and was used as a work horse during the week and a race horse on the weekends.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |url= http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/tcq01|title= Quarter Horses|access-date=2006-05-30 |author = Beckmann, Bruce|website= Handbook of Texas Online|publisher= Texas State Historical Association}}</ref> As [[flat racing]] became popular with the colonists, the Quarter Horse gained even more popularity as a sprinter over courses that, by necessity, were shorter than the classic racecourses of England. These courses were often no more than a straight stretch of road or flat piece of open land. When competing against a Thoroughbred, local sprinters often won.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} As the Thoroughbred breed became established in America, many colonial Quarter Horses were included in the original American stud books.<ref name=Colonialxxxi>Mackay-Smith ''Colonial Quarter Race Horse'' p. xxxi</ref> This began a long association between the Thoroughbred breed and what would later become officially known as the "Quarter Horse", named after the {{convert|1/4|mile}} race distance at which it excelled.<ref>"American Quarter Horse." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 1 Jul. 2015.</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America |first= Judith |last= Dutson |publisher=[[Storey Publishing]] |year= 2012 |isbn= 9781603429184 |page=64 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PS6zop4lVSUC&pg=PA64 }}</ref> Some Quarter Horses have been clocked at up to {{cvt|44|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AQHA World Records|url=https://www.aqha.com/american-quarter-horse-racing-world-records|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422122105/https://www.aqha.com/american-quarter-horse-racing-world-records|archive-date=2021-04-22|access-date=2021-06-27}}</ref>
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