Editing Alcmaeon (mythology) (section)

== Mythology ==

=== The second Theban war ===
[[Pindar]]'s eighth Pythian ode relates a prophecy by Amphiaraus that the [[Epigoni]] will conquer [[Thebes (Greece)|Thebes]], and that Alcmaeon will be the first through the gates.<ref>[[Pindar]],  ''Pythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8 8.40–48].</ref> The mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], also states that the other Epigoni received an oracle instructing them to make Alcmaeon their leader, and therefore convinced him to go with them, although he was unwilling.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.2 3.7.2].</ref> In [[Diodorus]], Eriphyle persuades her son to join the attackers because she is bribed by [[Thersander (Epigoni)|Thersander]] to do so in exchange for the robe of [[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]], just as she was bribed by [[Polynices]] with the [[necklace of Harmonia]] to send her husband Amphiaraus into battle.<ref>Gantz, p. 524.</ref> However, according to [[Asclepiades of Tragilus]], Amphiaraus orders Alcmaeon to avenge him on Eriphyle as soon as he is old enough,<ref>Gantz, p. 525.</ref> making it clear that at least two traditions are present. In most versions, he kills [[Laodamas]], the son of [[Eteocles]], in the battle.

Although sources differ concerning whether Alcmaeon knew about his mother's treachery before he attacked Thebes, all agree that once he returned he killed his mother, possibly with the help of his younger brother Amphilochus.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref>

=== Death ===
For committing [[matricide]], he was pursued by the [[Erinyes]] and driven mad, fleeing first to [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]], where his grandfather [[Oicles]] ruled, and then to King [[Phegeus of Psophis|Phegeus]] in [[Psophis]], who purified him and gave him his daughter, Arsinoe (according to Apollodorus) or Alphesiboea (according to the geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]]), in marriage. Alcmaeon gave her the necklace and robe of Harmonia.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref> According to Apollodorus, Alcmaeon's presence caused the land to be infertile, so he went to Delphi for assistance.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref> In Pausanias, it is his own madness which drove him to do so.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.24.8 8.24.8].</ref>

From there the two accounts generally agree with each other and with [[Thucydides]].  Alcmaeon is instructed by the oracle to find a land which did not exist at the time when he was polluted by killing his mother.  Accordingly, he goes to a delta of the [[Achelous]] river, which was newly formed.  There he marries [[Callirrhoe (daughter of Achelous)|Callirrhoe]], the daughter of the river's god. She had heard of the famous necklace and robe of Harmonia, and asks Alcmaeon to get them for her.  He complies, returning to Psophis and telling king Phegeus that he required the necklace and robe in order to be purified.  Either Phegeus or his sons ([[Agenor, son of Phegeus|Agenor]] and Pronous) discovers the truth from a servant, and they ambush and kill Alcmaeon.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.3 3.7.3–8]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:8.24.8 8.24.8–10]; [[Thucydides]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-eng3:2.102 2.102.5].</ref>  In Apollodorus, Arsinoe, the daughter of Phegeus, chastises her brothers, who put her into a chest and sell her as a slave to [[Agapenor]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref> Meanwhile, Callirrhoe prays to [[Zeus]] that her sons will grow up instantaneously so that they might take revenge on her husband's murderers. Zeus grants this, and [[Amphoterus (son of Alcmaeon)|Amphoterus]] and [[Acarnan (son of Alcmaeon)|Acarnan]] meet the sons of Phegeus at Agapenor's house, when they are on their way to [[Delphi]] to dedicate Harmonia's robe and necklace there. After killing them, Amphoterus and Acarnan continue to Psophis and killed king Phegeus and his queen, after which they are forced to flee to [[Tegea]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.6 3.7.6].</ref>

=== Different version from Euripides ===
Apollodorus relates a different myth about this same Alcmaeon, attributing it to [[Euripides]]. During his madness, Alcmaeon had two children with Manto: Amphilochus and Tisiphone. Alcmaeon entrusted the children to [[Creon (king of Corinth)|Creon]], the king of [[Corinth, Greece|Corinth]], who raised them. Creon's wife, however, became fearful that Creon might marry Tisiphone because of her great beauty, and sold the girl as a slave. Through a great coincidence, it was Alcmaeon who purchased Tisiphone and kept her as his "handmaid", not knowing who she was. When he returned to Corinth to retrieve his children, her identity was somehow revealed, and Amphilocus went on to colonize [[Amphilochian Argos]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.7 3.7.7].</ref>

This story was probably the subject of Euripides' lost ''[[Alcmaeon in Corinth]]'', which was produced posthumously.<ref>Gantz, p. 526.</ref> Whether the story was invented for this play is unclear.

The epic poem ''[[Alcmeonis]]'' as well as [[Sophocles]]' play ''Alcmaeon'', and those by [[Achaeus of Eretria|Achaeus]], [[Agathon]], and [[Astydamas]], are known of, but have all been lost.