Editing Aerophone (section)

==History==
[[File:Neolithic bone flute.jpg|thumb|Neolithic bone flute]]
According to [[Ardal Powell]], the flute is a simple instrument found in numerous [[Ancient history|ancient cultures]]. There are three legendary and archeologically verifiable birthplace sites of flutes: Egypt, Greece and India. Of these, the [[transverse flute]] (side-blown) appeared only in [[History of India|ancient India]], while the [[fipple flutes]] are found in all three. It is likely, states Powell, that the modern Indian ''[[bansuri]]'' has not changed much since the early [[Middle Ages|medieval era]].

Identifying the origin of the aerophone is difficult, though it is believed that [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Americans and their descendants]] developed the largest diversity of aerophones, and they are understood to have been the major non-vocal, melodic instruments of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native America]].<ref name="Kuss">{{cite book|author=Malena Kuss|title=Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: an encyclopedic history|date=July 5, 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYuKB29_7qUC&pg=PA262|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78840-4|page=262}}</ref> Archaeological studies have found examples of [[Globular Flute|globular flutes]] in [[Mexico#Ancient cultures|ancient Mexico]], [[Colombia#Pre-Columbian era|Colombia]] and [[Peru#Prehistory and Pre-Columbian Peru|Peru]], and multiple [[Vertical flute|tubular flutes]] were common among the [[Maya peoples|Maya]] and [[Aztec]]. The use of [[Conch#Musical instruments|shells of Conches]] as an aerophone has also been found to be prevalent in areas such as [[Central America]] and [[Peru#Prehistory and Pre-Columbian Peru|Peru]].<ref name="OlsenSheehy2007">{{cite book|author1=Dale Olsen|author2=Daniel Sheehy|title=The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RK6TAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-90008-3|pages=42–43}}</ref>

Examples of aerophone-type instruments in [[China]] can be dated back to the [[Neolithic|Neolithic period]]. Fragments of [[Gudi (instrument)|bone flutes]] can be found at the [[burial]] sites of the [[Jiahu|Jiahu settlements]] of ancient China, and they represent some of the earliest known examples of playable instruments. The instruments were typically carved from the wing bone of the [[red-crowned crane]], and had five to eight holes. The flutes were efficient enough to produce sound in a nearly accurate [[octave]], and are thought to have been used ceremonially or for ritualistic purposes.<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jiah/hd_jiah.htm Jiahu (ca. 7000–5700 B.C.)]</ref><ref>[http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/1999/bnlpr092299.html "Brookhaven Lab Expert Helps Date Flute Thought to be Oldest Playable Musical Instrument"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210214041/https://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/1999/bnlpr092299.html |date=February 10, 2021}}. [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]].</ref> Examples of [[bamboo flute|flutes made out of bamboo]] in [[China]] date back to 2nd Century BC. These flutes were known as [[Dizi (instrument)|Dizi's]] or simply ''Di'' ([[wiktionary:笛|笛]]) and typically had 6 holes for playing melodies that were framed by scale-modes.<ref name="Goodman2010">{{cite book|author=Howard L. Goodman|title=Xun Xu and the Politics of Precision in Third-Century Ad China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLu4J6ffgWEC&pg=PA221|year=2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18337-7|pages=225–226}}</ref>

Flutes including the famous [[Bansuri]], have been an integral part of [[Indian classical music]] since 1500 BC. A major deity of [[Hinduism]], [[Krishna]], has been associated with the flute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brindavangurukul.org/bansuri.htm |title=Bansuri Bamboo Flute |publisher=Brindavan Gurukul |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728135148/http://www.brindavangurukul.org/bansuri.htm |archive-date=July 28, 2010}}</ref><ref name="ll_book">{{cite book |title=How to Play the Bansuri: A Manual for Self-Instruction Based on the Teaching of Devendra Murdeshwar |last=Leifer |first=Lyon |publisher=Rasa Music Co |year=2005 |isbn=0-9766219-0-8}}</ref> Some early flutes were made out of [[tibia]]s (shin bones). The flute has also always been an essential part of [[Indian culture]] and mythology,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Students' Britannica India |last1=Hoiberg|first1=Dale|last2=Ramchandani |first2=Indu| year=2000 |publisher= Popular Prakashan |location=[[Mumbai]] |isbn=0-85229-760-2 |page=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC}}</ref> and the cross flute is believed, by several accounts, to originate in [[India]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=How to Play Flute & Shehnai|last=Chaturvedi|first=Mamta|year=2001 |publisher= Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd|location=[[New Delhi]] |isbn=81-288-1476-1|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rz8rvUOmSwC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Music and Music-makers |last=Morse |first=Constance |year=1968 |publisher=Ayer Publishing |location=[[New Hampshire]] |isbn=0-8369-0724-8 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEXWVhtcuJ4C}}</ref> as Indian literature from 1500 [[BCE]] has made vague references to the cross flute.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Choreographic Music for the Dance |last=Arvey |first=Verna |year=2007 |publisher=Read Country Books |location=[[London]] |isbn=978-1-4067-5847-4 |page=36 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GOwFSQkpfNsC}}</ref>