Editing Adrian Lamo (section)

==Activities and legal issues==
Lamo first became known for operating [[AOL]] [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] site ''Inside-AOL.com''.<ref>
{{cite news
 |last = Brown
 |first = Janelle
 |title = Can AOL silence its critics?
 |work = [[Salon.com|Salon]]
 |date = July 1, 1999
 |url = http://archive.salon.com/tech/log/1999/07/01/inside_aol/
 |access-date = February 1, 2006
 |url-status = dead
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060512131351/http://archive.salon.com/tech/log/1999/07/01/inside_aol/
 |archive-date = May 12, 2006
 |df = mdy-all
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Hijackers take AIM accounts
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=November 29, 2000
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/119
| access-date=February 1, 2006}}
</ref>

===Security compromise===
Lamo was a [[grey hat hacker]] who viewed the rise of the [[World Wide Web]] with a mixture of excitement and alarm. He felt that others failed to see the importance of internet security in the Web's early days. Lamo broke into corporate computer systems but never damaged them. Instead, he would offer to fix the security flaws free of charge, and if the flaw was not fixed, he would alert the media.<ref name="HacksSquats" /> Lamo hoped to be hired by a corporation to attempt to break into systems and test their security, a practice that came to be known as [[red team]]ing. But by the time this practice was common, his felony conviction prevented him from being hired.<ref name=":1" />

In December 2001, [[Worldcom]] praised Lamo for helping to fortify its corporate security.<ref>{{cite news|last=Poulsen|first=Kevin|title=FBI reportedly hunting Adrian Lamo|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/05/fbi_reportedly_hunting_adrian_lamo/|work=The Register}}</ref> In February 2002, he broke into the internal computer network of ''[[The New York Times]]'', added his name to the internal database of expert sources, and used the paper's [[LexisNexis]] account to research high-profile subjects. ''The New York Times'' filed a complaint, and a warrant for Lamo's arrest was issued in August 2003 following a 15-month investigation by federal prosecutors in New York. At 10:15&nbsp;a.m. on September 9, after spending a few days in hiding, he surrendered to the [[United States Marshals Service|US Marshals]] in [[Sacramento, California]]. He surrendered to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] in New York City on September 11, and pleaded guilty to one felony count of [[computer crime]]s against [[Microsoft]], [[LexisNexis]], and ''The New York Times'' on January 8, 2004.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Noah|last=Shachtman|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61831|title=Adrian Lamo Cuts Deal With Feds|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kevin Poulsen|url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/7771|title=Lamo Pleads Guilty to Times Hack|website=Securityfocus.com|date=January 8, 2004|access-date=August 25, 2013|archive-date=July 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723172136/http://www.securityfocus.com/news/7771|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In July 2004, Lamo was sentenced to two years' probation with six months to be served in home detention and ordered to pay $65,000 in restitution.<ref name=Sentence/> He was convicted of compromising security at ''The New York Times'', Microsoft,<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Lemos
| first=Robert
| title=Hacker helps Excite@Home toughen defenses
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=May 29, 2001
| url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-261728.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806225209/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-261728.html|archive-date=August 6, 2009|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Proxy exposes Excite@Home data
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=May 5, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/209
| access-date=April 24, 2006}}
</ref> [[Yahoo!]],<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Yahoo! News hacked
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=September 9, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/254
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref> and WorldCom.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Lamo's Adventures in WorldCom
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=December 5, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/296
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

When challenged for a response to allegations that he was glamorizing crime for the sake of publicity, he responded: "Anything I could say about my person or my actions would only cheapen what they have to say for themselves". When approached for comment during his criminal case, Lamo frustrated reporters with [[Non sequitur (literary device)|non-sequiturs]], such as "Faith manages"<ref>
{{cite web
| last=McCullagh
| first=Declan
| author-link=Declan McCullagh
| title=The 'homeless hacker' talks
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=September 16, 2003
| url=http://news.cnet.com/2008-1014_3-5076942.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104163640/http://news.cnet.com/2008-1014_3-5076942.html|archive-date=November 4, 2012|url-status=live}}
</ref> and "It's a beautiful day."<ref>
{{cite web
| last=McCullagh
| first=Declan
| author-link=Declan McCullagh
| title=Judge Lifts Hacker's PC Restrictions
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=September 12, 2003
| url=http://news.cnet.com/Judge-lifts-hacker%27s-PC-restrictions/2100-1002_3-5076124.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

At his sentencing, Lamo expressed remorse for the harm his intrusions had caused. The court record quotes him as adding: "I want to answer for what I have done and do better with my life."<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Feds say Lamo inspired other hackers
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=September 15, 2004
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/9520
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

He subsequently declared on the question-and-answer site [[Quora]]: "We all own our actions in fullness, not just the pleasant aspects of them." Lamo accepted that he had made mistakes.<ref>[https://www.quora.com/How-often-do-criminals-hand-themselves-in/answer/Adri%C3%A1n-Lamo "Adrián Lamo's answer to How often do criminals hand themselves in? – Quora"].</ref>

===DNA controversy===
[[File:Adrian Lamo bus station.jpg|thumb|right|Lamo in San Francisco in 2006]]
On May 9, 2006, 18 months into a two-year probation sentence, Lamo refused to give the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] a blood sample it had demanded to record his [[DNA]] in its [[Combined DNA Index System|CODIS]] system.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Feds Want Hacker's Genetic Code
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=May 10, 2006
| url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/05/70869
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref> According to his attorney at the time, Lamo had a religious objection to giving blood but was willing to give his DNA in another form. On June 15, 2006, Lamo's lawyers filed a motion citing the [[Book of Genesis]] as one basis for Lamo's religious opposition to giving blood.

On June 20, 2007, Lamo's legal counsel reached a settlement agreement with the U.S. [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] whereby Lamo would submit a [[cheek swab]] instead of a blood sample.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Hacker Adrian Lamo Wins, Won't Have to Give the FBI His Blood
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=June 21, 2007
| url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/06/hacker-adrian-l/
| access-date=March 18, 2018}}
</ref>

===WikiLeaks and Chelsea Manning===
{{See also|Chelsea Manning}}
In February 2009, a partial list of the anonymous donors to the [[WikiLeaks]] website was leaked and published on the site. Some media sources indicated at the time that Lamo was among the donors on the list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Wikileaks+Forced+to+Post+Its+Own+Secrets/article14328.htm|title=Wikileaks Forced to Post Its Own Secrets|website=DailyTech|access-date=December 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117071425/http://www.dailytech.com/Wikileaks+Forced+to+Post+Its+Own+Secrets/article14328.htm|archive-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wikileaked>{{cite magazine|last=Singel|first=Ryan|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/02/wikileaks-force/|title=Wikileaks forced to leak its own secret info (Wired)|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> Lamo commented on his [[Twitter]] page, "Thanks WikiLeaks, for leaking your donor list... That's dedication."<ref name=wikileaked />

In May 2010,<ref name=wiredIntAnarrest>{{cite magazine|last=Poulsen|first=Kevin|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/|title=U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in Wikileaks Video Probe &#124; Threat Level|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref> Lamo informed U.S. Army authorities that Chelsea Manning had claimed to have leaked a large body of classified documents, including 260,000 classified United States diplomatic cables.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/08/world/08leaks.html|work=The New York Times|first=Elisabeth|last=Bumiller|title=Army Leak Suspect Is Turned In, by Ex-Hacker|date=June 7, 2010}}</ref> He said that Manning also "took credit for leaking" the video footage of the [[July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike]], which has since come to be known as the "[[July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike#Leaked video footage|Collateral Murder]]" video.<ref name="nytimes.com" /><ref>
{{cite news
| last=Sheridan
| first=Michael
| title=Report: Soldier Arrested for allegedly leaking 'Collateral Murder' helicopter video to WikiLeaks
| work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York
| date=June 7, 2010
| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/06/07/2010-06-07_spc_bradley_manning_allegedly_arrested_for_leaking_collateral_murder_helicopter_.html
| access-date=June 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609062014/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/06/07/2010-06-07_spc_bradley_manning_allegedly_arrested_for_leaking_collateral_murder_helicopter_.html|archive-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| last=Fildes
| first=Jonathan
| title=Wikileaks site unfazed by arrest of US army 'source'
| work=BBC News
| date=June 8, 2010
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10265430.stm
| access-date=June 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610031746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10265430.stm|archive-date=June 10, 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref>

Lamo said he would not have turned Manning in "if lives weren't in danger". He characterized her as "in a war zone and basically trying to vacuum up as much classified information as [she] could and just throwing it up into the air."<ref name=wiredIntAnarrest /> WikiLeaks responded by denouncing Lamo and the [[Kevin Poulsen|author]] of the article as "notorious felons, informers & manipulators", and said: "journalists should take care."<ref name="nytimes.com" />

Lamo was a volunteer "adversary characterization" analyst for Project Vigilant, a Florida-based government contractor, which encouraged him to inform the government about the alleged WikiLeaks source. The head of Project Vigilant, Chet Uber, claimed, "I'm the one who called the U.S. government... All the people who say that Adrian is a narc, he did a patriotic thing. He sees all kinds of hacks, and he was seriously worried about people dying."<ref name="forbes">{{cite web |title=Andy Greenberg: Stealthy Government Contractor Monitors U.S. Internet Providers, Worked With Wikileaks Informant, August 1, 2010 |url=https://blogs.forbes.com/firewall/2010/08/01/stealthy-government-contractor-monitors-u-s-internet-providers-says-it-employed-wikileaks-informant/ |access-date=August 25, 2013 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

The [[Taliban insurgency]] later announced its intention to execute Afghan nationals named in the leaks as having cooperated with the U.S.-led coalition in Afghanistan. By that time, the U.S. had received months of advance warning that their names were among the leaks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/taliban-says-it-will-target-names-exposed-wikileaks-74257|title=Taliban Says It Will Target Names Exposed by WikiLeaks|date=July 30, 2010|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Manning was arrested and incarcerated in the U.S. military justice system and later sentenced to 35 years in confinement. President [[Barack Obama]] commuted the sentence to seven years,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-commutes-bulk-of-chelsea-mannings-sentence.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-commutes-bulk-of-chelsea-mannings-sentence.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Chelsea Manning to Be Released Early as Obama Commutes Sentence|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=January 17, 2017|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 30, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> including time served.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Poulsen|first1=Kevin|author-link=Kevin Poulsen|last2=Zetter|first2=Kim|author-link2=Kim Zetter|title=U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in Wikileaks Video Probe|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=June 6, 2010|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/|access-date=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=US intelligence analyst arrested over security leaks|publisher=BBC|date=June 7, 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_pacific/10254072.stm|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607184336/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_pacific/10254072.stm|archive-date=June 7, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Lamo responded to the commutation with a post on [[Medium (website)|Medium]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@lamo/a-statement-on-the-commutation-of-wikileaker-chelsea-mannings-sentence-from-the-man-who-busted-4faaff042960|title=A Statement On the Commutation of WikiLeaker Chelsea Manning's Sentence, From The Man Who Busted...|first=Adrián|last=Lamo|date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> and an interview with ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-01-18/hacker-who-turned-in-chelsea-manning-it-was-not-my-most-honorable-moment|title=Hacker Who Turned in Chelsea Manning: 'It Was Not My Most Honorable Moment'|last=Nelson|first=Steven|date=January 18, 2017|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref>{{Vague|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

Lamo characterized his decision to work with the government as morally ambiguous but objectively necessary, writing that "there were no right choices that day, only less wrong ones. It was cold, it was needful, and it was no one's to make except mine."<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamo |first=Adrian |date=January 3, 2013 |title=Bradley Manning and me: why I cannot regret turning in the WikiLeaks suspect |work=The Guardian |url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/595 |access-date=March 20, 2013}}
</ref> Lamo was criticized by fellow hackers, such as those at the [[Hackers on Planet Earth]] conference in 2010, who labeled him a "[[Informant|snitch]]."<ref>Bhattacharya, Sanjiv (July 22, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100722020415/http://www.aolnews.com/nation/article/wikileaks-snitch-hacker-adrian-lamo-faces-wrath-of-his-peers/19562042 "WikiLeaks 'Snitch' Hacker Faces Wrath of His Peers"]. ''[[AOL News]]''. Archived from [http://www.aolnews.com/nation/article/wikileaks-snitch-hacker-adrian-lamo-faces-wrath-of-his-peers/19562042 the original] on July 22, 2010. "According to [[Eric Corley|Emmanuel Goldstein]], who organized the panel discussion, 90 percent of the conference was anti-Lamo."</ref> Another told Lamo, following his speech during a panel discussion: "from my perspective, I see what you have done as treason."<ref>{{cite web |date=July 27, 2010 |title="WikiLeaks Is Not One Person...We Are All the Threat" – Hacker Magazine Editor Says WikiLeaks Is Bigger Than Julian Assange |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2010/7/27/wikileaks_is_not_one_personwe_are |access-date=August 25, 2013 |publisher=Democracynow.org}}</ref>

===Greenwald, Lamo, and ''Wired'' magazine===
Lamo's role in Manning's case drew criticism from [[Glenn Greenwald]], who suggested that Lamo lied to Manning by turning her in and then lied after the fact to cover up the circumstances of her confessions.<ref name=gg>
{{cite news
 |last = Greenwald
 |first = Glenn
 |author-link = Glenn Greenwald
 |title = The strange and consequential case of Bradley Manning, Adrian Lamo and WikiLeaks
 |work = [[Salon.com|Salon]]
 |date = June 18, 2010
 |url = http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/06/18/wikileaks
 |access-date = June 18, 2010
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621003856/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/06/18/wikileaks
 |archive-date = June 21, 2010
 |url-status = dead
 |df = mdy-all
}}
</ref> In an article about the case, Greenwald mentioned ''Wired'' reporter [[Kevin Poulsen]]'s 1994 felony conviction for computer hacking and wrote that "over the years, Poulsen has served more or less as Lamo's personal media voice."<ref name=gg /> In an article titled "The Worsening Journalistic Disgrace at Wired", Greenwald wrote that ''Wired'' was "actively conceal[ing] from the public, for months on end, the key evidence [the full Lamo–Manning chat logs] in a political story that has generated headlines around the world."<ref>{{cite news|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Greenwald|url=http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired|title=The worsening journalistic disgrace at Wired|work=Salon|date=December 27, 2010|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>

This drew a response from ''Wired'': "At his most reasonable, Greenwald impugns our motives, attacks the character of our staff and carefully selects his facts and sources to misrepresent the truth and generate outrage in his readership."<ref name="wiredgg">{{cite magazine |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=December 31, 2010 |title=Putting the Record Straight on the Lamo–Manning Chat Logs &#124; Threat Level |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>

On July 13, 2011, ''Wired'' published the Lamo–Manning chat logs in full, stating: "The most significant of the unpublished details have now been publicly established with sufficient authority that we no longer believe any purpose is served by withholding the logs."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Manning–Lamo Chat Logs Revealed |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Greenwald wrote that the logs validated his claim that ''Wired'' had concealed important evidence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wired publishes the full Manning–Lamo chat logs|first=Glenn|last=Greenwald|author-link=Glenn Greenwald|url=http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2011/07/14/wired/index.html|newspaper=Salon|date=July 14, 2011|access-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715211508/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2011/07/14/wired/index.html|archive-date=July 15, 2011}}</ref>