Editing Achondroplasia (section)

=== Complications ===
==== Children ====
{{main|Achondroplasia in children}}
Children with achondroplasia often have less muscle tone; because of this it is common for them to have delayed walking and motor skills. It is also common for children to have bowed legs, scoliosis, lordosis, arthritis, issues with joint flexibility, breathing problems, ear infections, and crowded teeth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dwarfism.html|title=Dwarfism|website=kidshealth.org|language=en|access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref> These issues can be treated with surgery, braces, or physical therapy.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Hydrocephalus is a severe effect associated with achondroplasia in children. This condition occurs when cerebrospinal fluid is not able to flow in and out of the skull because of how the spine narrows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8173/achondroplasia|title=Achondroplasia {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref> This fluid build up is associated with an enlarged head, vomiting, lethargy, headaches, and irritability.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/pediatric_neurosurgery/conditions/achondroplasia.html|title=Achondroplasia {{!}} Johns Hopkins Pediatric Neurosurgery|last=Kieffer|first=Sara|access-date=26 September 2018|language=en}}</ref> A [[Cerebral shunt|shunt surgery]] is commonly performed to treat this condition, but an endoscopic third ventriculostomy can also be done.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373609|title=Hydrocephalus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic|website=mayoclinic.org|language=en|access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref>

==== Adults ====
Adults with achondroplasia often face issues with obesity and sleep apnea. It is also typical for adults to experience numbness or tingling in their legs because of nerve compression.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Some research has found that adults with achondroplasia may also experience [[psychosocial]] complications, usually associated with short stature.<ref name="Achondroplasia: A comprehensive cli"/><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/09638288.2021.1963853|title=Quality of life, physical functioning, and psychosocial function among patients with achondroplasia: A targeted literature review|year=2021|last1=Constantinides|first1=Constantinos|last2=Landis|first2=Sarah H.|last3=Jarrett|first3=James|last4=Quinn|first4=Jennifer|last5=Ireland|first5=Penelope J.|journal=Disability and Rehabilitation|volume=44 |issue=21 |pages=6166–6178|pmid=34403286|s2cid=237198129|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Pregnancy in women with achondroplasia is considered higher risk. Women with achondroplasia generally have their babies delivered through C-sections to prevent complications that could occur with a natural birth.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dwarfism|title=Dwarfism|last=Services|first=Department of Health & Human|access-date=26 September 2018|language=en}}</ref> Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20301331/ | pmid=20301331 | date=1993 | last1=Adam | first1=M. P. | last2=Feldman | first2=J. | last3=Mirzaa | first3=G. M. | last4=Pagon | first4=R. A. | last5=Wallace | first5=S. E. | author6=Bean LJH | last7=Gripp | first7=K. W. | last8=Amemiya | first8=A. | last9=Legare | first9=J. M. | title=Achondroplasia | publisher=University of Washington, Seattle}}</ref>