Editing Abbottabad (section)

==History==
Following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], The [[British Empire|British]] annexed the entire [[Punjab region]] up to [[Peshawar]]. Abbottabad was founded in the early 1850s, by a British military officer in the [[Bengal Army]] of the [[British Raj]], [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]], and replaced [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]] as [[Hazara region|Hazara's]] capital.

On 9 November 1901, the British established a [[North-West Frontier Province]] from the north-western districts of [[Punjab Province (British India)|The Punjab]]. This meant that Abbottabad was now a part of the newly formed province.

Following the [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Announcement of Partition of the British Raj]] into the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] and the [[Dominion of India]], [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum|a referendum was held in the NWFP]] and the result was in favor of Pakistan. In [[One Unit Scheme|1955]], Abbottabad and the whole NWFP became a part of [[West Pakistan]], but the province was established again in [[Legal Framework Order, 1970|1970]], and [[Hazara District]] and the two tribal agencies were merged to form the new [[Hazara Division]] with its capital at Abbottabad.

[[Osama bin Laden]], founder of the Islamist militant group [[al-Qaeda]], held refuge at [[Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad|a compound]] in Abbottabad, where he was [[Killing of Osama bin Laden|shot and killed]] by [[United States Navy SEALs|U.S. forces]] on 2 May 2011.

Established in 1947, Abbottabad houses the [[Pakistan Army]]'s initial officer training academy, the [[Pakistan Military Academy]], referred to by its acronym, PMA.

[[File:Hazara-Region in Pakistan von James Abbott.jpg|thumb|left|The Rock Aornos from Huzara. From Nature by [[James Abbott (Indian Army officer)|James Abbott]] 1850]]

Abbottabad was founded and named after Major James Abbott in January 1853 as the headquarters of [[Hazara District]] during the [[British Raj]] after the annexation of [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref name=EB/> He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1845 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "[[Abbottabad (poem)|Abbottabad]]", before his return to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it. In 1849, Major Abbott, a Deputy Commissioner appointed by the British East Company, shifted Hazara Gojaran's headquarter from Haripur Gojaran to the newly established Abbottabad.

In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military [[cantonment]] and [[sanatorium]], serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps.<ref name="EB1911">[[:wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abbottabad|Abbottabad – Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]</ref> The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the [[5th Gurkha Rifles]]) and two native mountain batteries.<ref name="IGI">{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_009.gif |title=Abbottabad Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 1 |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=17 December 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110607080015/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_009.gif| archive-date= 7 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref>
[[File:Sunset scene in Abbottabad.jpg|thumb|A sunset scene in Abbottabad]]
In 1901, the population of the town and cantonment was 7,764 with an average income of Rs. 14,900.<ref name="EB1911"/> This increased to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, chiefly derived from [[octroi]]. During this time chief public institutions were built such as the Albert Victor Unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the government dispensary.<ref name="IGI"/> In 1911, the population had risen to 11,506 and the town contained four battalions of Gurkhas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24562/24562-h/24562-h.htm |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir, by Sir James McCrone Douie |publisher=Gutenberg.org |access-date=2 May 2011}}</ref> In June 1948, the [[British Red Cross]] opened a hospital in Abbottabad to deal with thousands of injured people being brought in from Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=70104 |title=Partition of India and Pakistan 1947 – British Red Cross |publisher=Redcross.org.uk |access-date=2 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321161510/http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=70104 |archive-date=21 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===October 2005 earthquake===
{{Main|2005 Kashmir earthquake}}
In October 2005, Abbottabad was devastated by the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|Kashmir earthquake]]. Although most of Abbottabad survived, many older buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4328028.stm |title=Doctor's diary |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2005 |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>

===Recent events===
On 25 January 2011, Indonesian terrorist [[Umar Patek]] was arrested in Abbottabad. Patek, a member of the [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] terrorist group, was wanted in connection with a deadly [[Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia bombings|series of church bombings in Indonesia in 2000]], and three attacks that killed 202 people in tourist districts of Indonesia in what became known as the [[2002 Bali bombings|Bali bombings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bali bombing suspect Umar Patek 'arrested in Pakistan'|work=BBC News online|date=30 September 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12900555|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=dawn20110415>{{cite news|title=Militant's road ends in Pakistan|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date=15 April 2011|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/15/how-umar-patek-was-captured.html|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>

===Osama bin Laden's hideout===
{{Main|Killing of Osama bin Laden}}

On 2 May 2011, Abbottabad gained worldwide attention when U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] announced that [[Osama bin Laden]] had been killed in his [[Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad|compound in the city]].<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|title=U.S. Forces Kill Osama bin Laden Obama Says Sept. 11 Attacks Avenged in Commando Assault on Pakistani Compound; Body of Terror Mastermind Captured|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704569404576298063240517794|work=The Wall Street Journal|author=L. Meckler, A. Entous and Z. Hussain|date=1 May 2011|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="guardian20110502">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-obama|title=Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces|date=2 May 2011|work=The Guardian|location=UK|access-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502035315/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-obama|archive-date=2 May 2011|url-status=live|first1=Richard| last1=Adams|first2=Declan|last2=Walsh|first3=Ewen|last3=MacAskill}}</ref> In February 2012, nine months after bin Laden was killed, Pakistani authorities demolished the compound where Osama bin Laden had lived.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Osama Bin Laden's House in Abbottabad Destroyed|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/27/osama-bin-ladens-house-destroyed_n_1303996.html|access-date=27 February 2012|work=The Huffington Post|first=Eline|last=Gordts|date=27 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Abbottabad, a Hotspot for Medical Care|url=https://healthland.time.com/2011/05/04/bin-ladens-abbottabad-a-hotspot-for-medical-care/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|author=Meredith Melnick|date=4 May 2011|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>