Editing Abbey of Saint Gall (section)

===Foundation===
Around 612 [[Saint Gall|Gallus]], according to tradition an [[Hiberno-Scottish mission|Irish monk]] and disciple and companion of Saint [[Columbanus]], established a hermitage on the site that would become the monastery. He lived in his cell until his death in 646, and was buried there<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">{{Cite CE1913 |first=Cyprian |last=Alston |wstitle=Abbey of St. Gall |volume=6 }}</ref> in [[Arbon]] (Canton of Thurgau).<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|8394|Saint Gall (Princely Abbey)}}</ref> Afterwards, the people venerated him as a saint and prayed at his tomb for his [[Intercession of saints|intercession]] in times of danger.<ref name=HDS/>

Following Gallus' death, his disciples remained living together in his cell and followed the rule of St. Columban, which combined prayer, work of the hands, reading, and teaching.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |author=Butler, Alban |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/71811056 |title=Vies des pères, des martyrs, et des autres principaux saints : tirées des actes originaux et des monumens les plus authentiques, avec des notes historiques et critiques |date=1808 |publisher=Chez Broulhiet, éditeur, rue Saint-Rome |pages=261–65 |oclc=71811056}}</ref> They aided and taught virtue to the many pilgrims who came to St. Gall's tomb.<ref name=":0" /> [[Magnus of Füssen|St. Magnus]] was the first successor of St. Gallen, but he soon left on a mission to [[Allgäu]], Swabia.<ref name=":0" /> His successors were the deacon Stephen and the priest Magulfe, under whom the news of St. Gallen's miracles spread throughout most of Germany.<ref name=":0" />

Several different dates are given for the foundation of the monastery, including 719,<ref name="HDS" /> 720,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sankt Gallen |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522559/Sankt-Gallen |access-date=2015-01-25 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica online}}</ref> 747<ref name="WHL268">{{cite web |date=1983 |title=Abbey of St Gall |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/268 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509200414/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/268 |archive-date=2017-05-09 |access-date=2015-01-26 |work=World Heritage List |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO |number=268}}</ref> and the middle of the 8th century.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|first=William Augustus Brevoort|last=Coolidge|author-link=W. A. B. Coolidge|wstitle=St Gall (town)|display=St Gall|volume=24|page=4}}</ref> A gentleman and judge of Thurgau, Waltraf (possibly, Waltram or Gaudran), in order to use the alms and collections that were being given at St. Gall's tomb to found a more regular monastery, attracted a local [[Alamannia|Alemannic]] pastor [[Saint Othmar|Otmar]].<ref name=":0" /> Waltraf went to see [[Charles Martel]], gave him the property of the hermitage, and asked him to give the administration of it to [[Saint Othmar|Otmar]].<ref name=":0" /> Charles agreed and sent Otmar the finances to build a monastery. After the death of Charles Martel, his son [[Pepin the Short|Pepin]] continued to support them. On the recommendation of his brother [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]], who had visited this monastery on his way to Italy, Pepin gave the monastery privileges, letters of protection, and an assured income. Pepin placed the [[Rule of Saint Benedict|rule of St. Benedict]] in the hands of St. Otmar (to be substituted for that of St. Columban).<ref name=":0" />

Otmar (or Othmar) is named as the founder and the first abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=De Rijk |first=L.M. |date=1963 |title=On the Curri cul um of the Arts of the Trivium at St. Gall from c. 850-c. 1000 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853463x00036 |journal=Vivarium |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=35–86 |doi=10.1163/156853463x00036 |issn=0042-7543}}</ref> During his abbacy the St. Gall School was founded.<ref name=":1" /> Otmar extended St. Gall's original hermit cell and adopted the [[Carolingian architecture|Carolingian style]] for his building projects.  The abbey grew quickly; many [[Alemanni]]c noblemen entered to become monks and arts, letters and sciences flourished. The register of monastic professions, at the end of abbot Otmar's rule makes mentions of 53 names. Two monks of the Abbey of St Gall, [[Magnus of Füssen]] and Theodor, founded the monasteries in [[Kempten]] and [[Füssen]] in the [[Allgäu]]. With the growth in the number of monks the abbey also grew economically stronger. Much land in [[Thurgau]], Zürichgau and in the rest of Alemannia as far as the [[Neckar]] was donated to the abbey by means of ''[[Stift]]ungen''.<ref name="HDS" /> Under abbot [[Waldo of Reichenau]] (740–814) copying of manuscripts was undertaken and a famous library was gathered.  Numerous [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] and [[Ireland|Irish]] monks came to copy manuscripts. At [[Charlemagne]]'s request Pope [[Adrian I]] sent distinguished cantors from Rome, who instructed the monks in the use of the [[Gregorian chant]]. In 744, the Alemannic nobleman Beata sold several properties to the abbey in order to finance his journey to Rome.<ref name="Zeittafel">{{cite web |url=http://www.sg.ch/home/kultur/stiftsarchiv/geschichte/abtei_st_gallen/_jcr_content/RightPar/downloadlist/DownloadListParTeaser/download.ocFile/Abtei_StGallen_Zeittafel.pdf |title=Zeittafel zur Geschichte der Abtei St.Gallen |trans-title=History chronology about the Abbey of St Gall |publisher=Staatskanzlei St. Gallen |language=de |access-date=2015-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101007/http://www.sg.ch/home/kultur/stiftsarchiv/geschichte/abtei_st_gallen/_jcr_content/RightPar/downloadlist/DownloadListParTeaser/download.ocFile/Abtei_StGallen_Zeittafel.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status = dead}}</ref>