Editing Abbas Mirza (section)

=== Background and early life ===
[[Image:A Large Portrait of Crown Prince 'Abbas Mirza, attributable to Mihr 'Ali, Persia, Qajar, circa 1800.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Abbas Mirza, attributable to [[Mihr 'Ali]], dated {{circa|1800}}]]
Abbas Mirza was born on 26 August 1789 in the village of [[Neva, Mazandaran|Nava]] in [[Mazandaran]], [[northern Iran]].{{sfn|Busse|1982|pp=79–84}} He was the fourth son of [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]] ({{reign|1797|1834}}), the second [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] [[shah]] (king) of Iran and part of the Qovanlu branch of the [[Qajar (tribe)|Qajar tribe]].{{sfn|Werner|2012}}{{sfn|Amanat|1999|pp=407–421}} His mother was [[Asiya Khanom Devellu]], a daughter of Fath-Ali Khan Davalu and part of the Davalu branch of the Qajars.{{sfn|Werner|2012}} This union was arranged by Abbas Mirza's grand-uncle [[Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar]] ({{reign|1789|1797}}) in an effort to unite the Qovanlu and Davalu.{{sfn|Werner|2012}}{{sfn|Lahouti|2015}}

Thus, the line of Abbas Mirza and his offspring served as the foundation for all of Agha Mohammad Khan's expectations for the continuation of his dynasty. During Fath-Ali Shah's rule in Iran, a European traveler heard a rumor that Agha Mohammad Khan would have chosen Abbas Mirza instead of Fath-Ali Shah as shah if he had lived longer. Fath-Ali Shah's eldest son, [[Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah]], whose mother was a [[Georgians|Georgian]] concubine, was excluded from the succession due to this obsession with settling tribal disputes amongst the Qajars.{{sfn|Hambly|1991|pp=142–143}} A fierce hostility would grow between Abbas Mirza and Dowlatshah, something some people speculated that Fath-Ali Shah welcomed. Besides Dowlatshah, intense competition would emerge with other brothers; [[Mohammad Vali Mirza]], a ferocious and uncontrollable person who would hold the governorship of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and then [[Yazd]], and [[Hossein Ali Mirza]], a persistent schemer would hold the governorship of [[Fars province|Fars]].{{sfn|Hambly|1991|pp=150}} Like Fath-Ali Shah had been given the royal title of ''Jahanbani'' by Agha Mohammad Khan, he also gave his own sons and daughters a royal title. The title of ''dorr-e darya-e khosravy'' ("The Pearl of the Sea of Royalty") was given to Abbas Mirza.{{sfn|Behrooz|2023|p=51}}

The conflict in the [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] and [[Caucasus]] regions between Iran and the [[Russian Empire]] was prevalent throughout the time that Abbas Mirza was growing up.{{sfn|Busse|1982|pp=79–84}} In 1797, at the age of eight, he was taken by Agha Mohammad Khan on a campaign against the [[Karabakh Khanate]]. He and the other princes stayed at Adina Bazar near [[Ardabil]], and after Agha Mohammad Khan's murder that June, he was taken back to the capital of [[Tehran]].{{sfn|Busse|1982|pp=79–84}} The death of Agha Mohammad Khan gave rise to a number of pretenders to the throne.{{sfn|Bournoutian|1976|p=164}}