Editing Abarth (section)

===1949: Abarth & C.===
[[File:1950-Abarth205Monza.jpg|thumb|left|A 1950 205A, one of the first Abarth cars]]
Carlo Abarth was [[sporting director]] of the [[Cisitalia]]  racing team starting in 1947.<ref name="AISA corse">{{cite conference |url=http://www.aisastoryauto.it/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=111&Itemid=45 |first=Lorenzo |last=Boscarelli |title=Abarth: le corse |conference=Abarth: l'uomo e le sue auto; [[Fiorenzuola d'Arda]], 9 May 2010 |work=Monografie AISA |volume=90 |language=it |pages=3–25 |format=PDF |publisher=Associazione Italiana per la Storia dell'Automobile |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213000702/http://www.aisastoryauto.it/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=111&Itemid=45 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The following year, the manufacturer folded, and founder [[Piero Dusio]] flew to Argentina.

Abarth, funded by Armando Scagliarini,{{efn|Father of Cisitalia racing driver Guido Scagliarini.}} took over Cisitalia's assets and on 31 March 1949, '''Abarth & C.''' was founded in [[Bologna]].<ref name="AISA compendio">{{cite conference |url=http://www.aisastoryauto.it/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=111&Itemid=45 |first=Renzo |last=Avidano |title=Carlo Abarth - Il compendio di una vita per le auto e le corse |conference=Abarth: l'uomo e le sue auto; [[Fiorenzuola d'Arda]], 9 May 2010 |work=Monografie AISA |volume=90 |language=it |pages=29–32 |format=PDF |publisher=Associazione Italiana per la Storia dell'Automobile |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213000702/http://www.aisastoryauto.it/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=111&Itemid=45 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{cite web |url=http://www.bernimotori.com/abarth_history_en.html |title=Karl Abarth, the man and his history |website=bernimotori.com |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Carlo's astrological sign, [[Scorpio (astrology)|Scorpio]], was chosen as the company logo.

From the Cisitalia liquidation, Abarth obtained five 204 sports cars (two complete Spiders and three unfinished), a D46 [[Open-wheel car|single-seater]], and various spares.<ref name="AISA corse" /> The Cisitalia 204s were immediately rechristened [[Abarth Cisitalia 204A]].<ref name="AISA corse" /> Abarth proceeded to build and race a series of sports cars developed from these last [[Cisitalia]] cars. In addition to Guido Scagliarini, the "Squadra Abarth" racing team lined up celebrated drivers, including [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Franco Cortese]], and [[Piero Taruffi]]. Notably, Tazio Nuvolari made his last appearance in racing at the wheel of an Abarth 204A, winning its class in the Palermo–Monte Pellegrino [[hillclimbing|hillclimb]] on 10 April 1950.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,5/articleid,1596_02_1953_0191_0005_22054961/ |title=Quando venne a Torino per la sua ultima gara |date=13 August 1953 |newspaper=[[La Stampa|Stampa Sera]] |page=5 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref> Alongside racing, the company's main activity was producing and selling accessories and performance parts for [[Fiat S.p.A.|Fiat]], [[Lancia]], Cisitalia, and [[Simca]] cars, like [[inlet manifold]]s and [[Muffler|silencer]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,2/articleid,1599_02_1951_0087_0002_22415418/ |title=Le attrattive del Salone |date=12 April 1951 |newspaper=[[La Stampa|Stampa Sera]] |page=2 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref>

On 9 April 1951, the company's headquarters were moved to [[Turin]];<ref name="history2"/> Abarth began his well-known association with Fiat in 1952, when the company built the [[Abarth 1500 Biposto]] on Fiat mechanicals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rickcarey.com/Catalog%20Descriptions/Abarth%20Biposto/AbarthBiposto.htm |title=1952 Abarth 1500 Biposto Coupé |website=rickcarey.com |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721102318/http://www.rickcarey.com/Catalog%20Descriptions/Abarth%20Biposto/AbarthBiposto.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status = dead|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In 1957, Abarth entered a deal with Fiat whereby they were paid direct fees for successful competition finishes.<ref name=DM94>{{cite magazine | ref = DM04 | magazine = [[Octane (magazine)|Octane]] | first = Delwyn | last = Mallett | title = Hot Abarths | page = 94 | date = December 2004 | issue = 18 | volume = 2 }}</ref> Abarth accordingly went on to enter their cars in countless hillclimbing and sports-car racing events across the world, mainly in classes from 850 to 2000 cc, competing with [[Porsche 904]] and [[Dino (automobile)|Ferrari Dino]] in the higher echelons. Since they were paid based on the number of results, Abarth entered their cars in every conceivable class and in countries across the entire world.<ref name=DM94/> [[Hans Herrmann]] was a factory driver from 1962 until 1965, winning the [[1000 km Nürburgring|500 km Nürburgring]] in 1963 with [[Teddy Pilette]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://abarthcarsuk.com/about-abarth/the-history-of-abarth/|title=The history of Abarth|access-date=2014-05-28|work=abarthcarsuk.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052707/http://abarthcarsuk.com/about-abarth/the-history-of-abarth/|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status = dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Abarth promised [[Johann Abt]] that he could race a factory car for free if he won all the races he entered.{{When|date=October 2013}} Abt almost succeeded; of the 30 races he entered, Abt won 29 and finished second once.{{When|date=October 2013}}<ref name="history"/> Abt later founded [[Abt Sportsline]].

[[File:Fiat Abarth 595 - Automotoretrò 2012 (6864198535).jpg|thumb|Abarth 595, derived from the Fiat 500]]
Abarth produced high-performance exhaust pipes, diversifying into tuning kits for road vehicles, mainly for Fiat. A racing exhaust was produced for the 1950s [[Lambretta]] models "D" and "LD". Original Abarth LD exhausts are now valuable collectors' items. Reproductions are available, which carry the Abarth name; how Fiat feels about this is not known. Lambretta even held several 125 cc motorcycle land speed records during the 1950s due partly to the exhaust that Abarth developed for them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.racinglambrettas.com/mielambretta/dracer.html |title=125 Model D Racer |website=racinglambrettas.com |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lambrettista.net/2013/10/07/lambretta-world-land-speed-record-scooter/ |title=Lambretta World Land Speed Record Scooter |website=lambrettista.net |date=7 October 2013 |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

In 1958, Abarth developed the [[Abarth 1000 GT Coupé|Abarth Alfa Romeo 1000]] in collaboration with the Milanese manufacturer. They sent an engineer, Mario Colucci, to oversee the process. Abarth was impressed with his skill, and while the car remained a one-off, Colucci was given the position of Abarth's Technical Director in 1960.<ref name=FCAabalfa>{{cite web | url = https://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/alfa-romeo-abarth-1000 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221204115428/https://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/alfa-romeo-abarth-1000 | archive-date = 2022-12-04 | title = Alfa Romeo Abarth 1000 | work = FCA Heritage | publisher = FCA Italy S.p.A. }}</ref> Colucci's first design was a mid-engined, tubular framed roadster using the 750 engine called the '''Abarth Spider Sport.''' This car had an unfortunate gestation period and never attained much success in competition, while Abarth himself favored the rear-engine layout and kept offering both types.<ref name=DM95>[[#DM04|Mallett (2004)]], p. 95.</ref> The Spider Sport series was also built with 700 and 1000&nbsp;cc displacements, while a few late examples were fitted with 1300&nbsp;cc engines of Simca origins. Colucci's next design, the Group 4 [[Fiat Abarth 1000SP|1000&nbsp;SP]], was much more successful and spawned a range of mid-engined, tubular-framed, fibreglass-bodied sports prototypes.<ref name=FCA1000sp>{{cite web | url = https://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/fiat-abarth-1000sp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220926025711/https://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/fiat-abarth-1000sp | archive-date = 2022-09-26 | title = Fiat Abarth 1000 SP | work = FCA Heritage | publisher = FCA Italy S.p.A. }}</ref>

Abarth also helped build sports or racing cars with Porsche<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.porschearchive.com/render.cfm?source=20775~356B_Carrera+GTL+Abarth~1960-1960/ |title=Porsche 356B Carrera GTL Abarth |website=porschearchive.com |access-date=28 May 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and Simca.