Editing 872 (section)

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[Sancho III Mitarra of Gascony|Sancho III Mitarra]] (or ''Menditarra'') becomes the founder and first 'king' of the independent [[Duchy of Gascony]], with loose ties to the [[Francia|Frankish Kingdom]].{{sfn|Collins|1990}}
* [[May 18]] &ndash; After his successful campaign against the [[Saracens]], [[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]] is crowned as [[Holy Roman Emperor|Roman Emperor]] ("Emperor of the Franks") for the second time and converts the ''[[Muwallad]]un'', and the [[Arabs|Arab]] elite.{{sfn|Rucquoi|1993|page=85}}
* [[18 July]] (traditional date) – [[Battle of Hafrsfjord]]: Norse chieftain [[Harald Fairhair]] wins a great [[Navy|naval]] victory at [[Hafrsfjord]], outside [[Stavanger]]. He becomes (at age 18) the first king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]]. Harald's conquests and [[tax]]ation system lead many [[Vikings|Viking]] chiefs and their followers to [[Emigration|emigrate]] to the [[British Isles]], and (later) to [[Iceland]].

==== Britain ====
* Autumn &ndash; The [[Great Heathen Army]] returns to [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]], to put down a rebellion at [[York]]. King [[Ecgberht I of Northumbria|Ecgberht I]] and his archbishop, [[Wulfhere of York|Wulfhere]], are expelled by the Northumbrians and flee to [[Mercia]].{{sfn|Hill|2009|page=55}}  
* The Danes, led by [[Halfdan Ragnarsson|Halfdan]] and [[Guthrum]], establish a [[Cantonment|winter quarter]] at [[Torksey]] in the [[Kingdom of Lindsey]] (now part of [[Lincolnshire]]). King [[Burgred of Mercia|Burgred]] pays tribute ([[Danegeld]]) in return for 'peace'.{{sfn|Hill|2009|page=56}}
* King [[Artgal of Alt Clut|Artgal of Strathclyde]] is slain, through the connivance of King [[Causantín mac Cináeda|Constantine I]] of [[Alba]] (modern [[Scotland]]) and his Viking allies. Artgal's son, [[Run of Alt Clut|Run]], succeeds to the [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]] throne.

==== Arabian Empire ====
* The [[Zanj Rebellion]]: The [[Zanj]] (black [[Slavery|slaves]] from [[East Africa]]) defeat the Abbasid forces, led by caliphal regent [[Al-Muwaffaq]] (brother of caliph [[Al-Mu'tamid]]). Hostilities in [[Mesopotamia]] (Southern [[Iraq]]) will preoccupy Al-Muwaffaq, and the Zanj will remain on the offensive over the next several years.<ref>{{harvnb|Waines|1992|pp=38 ff., 108 ff., 120 ff., 136, 137 ff., 152 ff., 156, 158, 164 ff.}}; {{harvnb|Popovic|1999|pp=45–72}}; {{harvnb|McKinney|2004|pp=464–66}}; {{harvnb|Nöldeke|1892|pp=152–62.}}</ref>
* In [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], the first hospital (''[[bimaristan]]'') is built in [[Cairo]] by the Abbasid governor, [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]]. Physician licensure becomes mandatory in the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].<ref>{{harvnb|Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts|2011}}</ref>

==== Japan ====
* [[Fujiwara no Yoshifusa]], Japanese regent (''[[Sesshō and Kampaku|sesshō]]''), dies at his native [[Kyoto]], having ruled since [[858]]. He is succeeded as head of the [[Fujiwara clan]] by his son [[Fujiwara no Mototsune]].