Editing 5th millennium BC (section)

===Europe===
*The [[Cucuteni–Trypillia culture]] (''aka'' Tripolye culture) began around 4800 BC. It was centred on modern Moldova and lasted in three defined phases until {{Circa|3000 BC}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Hubert |title=Cucuteni in der oberen Moldau, Rumanien: die befestigte Siedlung mit bemalter Keramik von der Steinkupferzeit bis in die vollentwickelte Bronzezeit |trans-title=Cucuteni in upper Moldova, Romania: the fortified settlement with painted pottery from the stone age to the copper age |place=Berlin |publisher=W. de Gruyter |year=1932 |language=de |oclc=4942033}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Lazarovici |first=Cornelia-Magda |title=New data regarding the chronology of the Pre-Cucuteni, Cucuteni and Horodistea–Erbiceni cultures |journal=PANTA RHEI: Studies on the Chronology and Cultural Development of South-Eastern and Central Europe in Earlier Prehistory Presented to Juraj Pavúk on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday |year=2010 |pages=71–94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Passek |first=Tatiana Sergeyevna |title=Periodizatsiia tripol'skikh poselenii, iii–ii tysiacheletie do n. e. |trans-title=Trypillia settlement periodization... |place=Moscow |publisher=Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR |series=Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR |year=1949 |volume=10 |ol=22401126M |url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL22401126M/Periodizat?s?ii?a?_tripol'skikh_poselenii |language=ru |oclc=27000780}}</ref>
*From about 4500 BC until {{Circa|2500 BC}}, a single dialect called [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) existed as the forerunner of all modern [[Indo-European languages]], but it left no written texts and its structure is unknown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archaeology.org/exclusives/articles/1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable |title=Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European |work=Archaeology |last=Powell |first=Eric A. |date=2019 |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref>
*[[Vinča culture|Vinca culture]] (5700–4200 BC) continues cultural traits of the prior millennium. It had the earliest form of [[Tărtăria tablets|proto-writing]], suggesting a requirement for astrological, scientific, astronomical, or economical (trade) archives. This provides the earliest known example of copper smelting in the Old World, imperial-like social stratification with communal spaces, and large scale trade networks where its distinctive figurines reach as far as Western Europe. The culture ends with abandonment and conflicts circa 4200 BC.
*The distribution of [[Venus figurine]]s from the previous [[First Agricultural Revolution|agricultural revolution]] cements itself as mainstream art in Europe, continuing onward from the 6th millennium BC.
*[[Dimini|Dimini culture]] first arises circa 4800 BC alongside the [[Neolithic Greece|Late Neolithic period]] of Greece where increasing population densities are most notable. Over 400 years, Dimini imperially expands, later absorbing Sesklo culture completely before the final invasion and destruction of Sesklo ca. 4400 BC. The [[Neolithic Greece|Final Neolithic period]] arrives with the [[Chalcolithic|Chalcolithic period]] and increased cultural connection alongside trade routes to Anatolia.
*Uralic languages and cultures continue to [[Proto-Uralic homeland|expand and migrate]]. The Lyalovo culture (ca. 5000–3650 BC) has been equated with the Proto-Uralic urheimat alongside cultural relationship with the [[Comb Ceramic culture]].
*Megalithic constructions continue all over Western Europe, with increasing social stratification and social complexity. See the [[Megalith|timeline]]. One most notable site is the [[Locmariaquer megaliths]], the highest being 20.60 metres (67.6&nbsp;ft) tall and over 330 tons and served as a site of pilgrimage and inspiration. The complex construction of such megaliths all over Europe are representative of the power of the social elite, religious clergy, direct communication over vast distances of land, and large labour forces.
*[[Dnieper-Donets culture|Long distanced Eastern trade]] from Danubian and Caucasus civilizations to Indo-European steppe cultures with social stratification and royal chiefs of their own.{{sfn|Anthony|2010|pp=174-182}} Considerable Danubian influence on Central European polities and cultures must also be considered.
*A second wave of the [[Danubian culture]], which used painted pottery with Asiatic influences, superseded the first phase starting around 4500 BC. This was followed by a third wave which used stroke-ornamented ware. These elements of imports and artistic licensing represent complex cultural developments. Alongside this, the infamous [[Varna culture]] thrives, beginning circa 4600 BC to 4200 BC reflecting Kingship.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&dq=varna+necropolis+oldest&pg=PA290] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101113823/https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&pg=PA290&dq=varna+necropolis+oldest&hl=en#v=onepage&q=varna%20necropolis%20oldest&f=false|date=2022-11-01}} Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World, By Lance Grande</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Curry |first=Andrew |title=Mystery of the Varna Gold: What Caused These Ancient Societies to Disappear? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/varna-bulgaria-gold-graves-social-hierarchy-prehistoric-archaelogy-smithsonian-journeys-travel-quarterly-180958733/ |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |date=April 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Daley |first=Jason |title=World's Oldest Gold Object May Have Just Been Unearthed in Bulgaria |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/oldest-gold-object-unearthed-bulgaria-180960093/ |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=August 11, 2016}}</ref>
*[[Hamangia culture]] lasts until 4550 BC. Its cultural links with Anatolia suggest that it was the result of settlement by people from Anatolia, unlike the neighbouring cultures, which appear descended from earlier Neolithic settlement. Such migrations represent strong communication systems between large stretches of land, political motives and a further indication of the Black Sea trade most notable of the period via seafaring and land.<ref>{{cite conference|conference= IX Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology|date =  24–26 February 2005|location = Chieti, Italy|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267094012 |title=Prehistoric Trade Routes In the Black Sea|first = Preslav |last = Peev}}</ref>
*Mediterranean trade networks are long forged, with complex economical activities by polities, stretching from the Adriatic to Portugal and parts of North Africa see [[Neolithic Italy|economy]] and [[Prehistoric Italy|Neolithic]].
Infamously the [[Stentinello culture]] stretches from Sicily and Calabria to the Aeolian Islands representing cultural focus on seafaring and maritime trade at this time. [[Pre-Nuragic Sardinia|Sardinia]] has close trade relations with the Mediterranean Neolithic communities of southern France, the Iberian Peninsula, the Italian peninsula and Sicily and is a major participant of the silver trade.
*Trade via seafaring and ports between Western Hunter Gatherers in Ireland and cultures in Neolithic Western Europe (circa 4000 BC) ([[Ferriter's Cove]]).
*[[Neolithic British Isles|Neolithic Britain]] circa 4100 experiences rapid mass migration and settlement into the Isles. Deforestation on a momentous scale in [[Neolithic British Isles|Neolithic Britain]]. (4300 BC to 3250 BC), associated with the Windmill Hill culture, increased population density, outcompeting the West Hunter Gatherer populations.
*[[Indo-European migrations|First major Indo European migration]] (circa 4000 BC). Migrates southwards via the Danube eventually reaching Anatolia. [[Artenacian culture|Danubian migrations]] occur westerwards onwards from this upheaval. Danubian civilization and culture such as the [[Cucuteni-Trypillia culture]] will survive on until the late [[4th Millennium BC|4th millennium]] or very early [[3rd millennium BC]].
*Neolithic farming guilds and polities maintain a relatively fixed frontier in Northern Central Europe (modern-day [[Germany]]), allowing Scandinavian Hunter Gatherer polities to later develop into the Pitted Ware Culture (circa 3500 BC).
*The [[History of astronomy|Warren Field calendar]] originating from the Mesolithic continues to be experimented upon and further alongside mathematics which is developed across all of Europe by various polities continuously through the 5th millennium.
*Alongside megalithic monuments or tomb with high social and astronomical importance to polities of the era, stone circles are erected as far as France, see the [[Carnac stones]].