Editing 46 BC (section)

=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Consul]]s: [[Julius Caesar|Gaius Julius Caesar]], [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]].
* [[Julius Caesar]] establishes ''Julia Paterna Arelate'' as a colony in [[Gaul]] for veterans of the [[Legio VI Ferrata|Sixth Legion]], at the present day site of [[Arles]].<ref>{{cite book | first=John E. | last=Stambaugh | title=The Ancient Roman City | year=1988 | place=Baltimore | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | page=275 | isbn=0-8018-3574-7}}</ref>
* [[Caesar's civil war|Civil War]]:
** [[January 4]] – [[Titus Labienus]] fights [[Julius Caesar]] in the [[Battle of Ruspina]].
** [[April]] - Caesar defeats Pompey loyalists at [[Thapsus]].<ref name=leglay>{{cite book | title=A History of Rome | edition=Second | first1=Marcel | last1=LeGlay | first2=Jean-Louis | last2=Voisin | first3=Yann | last3=Le Bohec | page=129 | publisher=Blackwell | place=Malden, Massachusetts | year=2001 | isbn=0-631-21858-0}}</ref>
** [[April 6]] – Caesar defeats the combined army of [[Pompey|Pompeian]] followers and [[Numidian]]s under [[Metellus Scipio]] and [[Juba I of Numidia]] at [[Battle of Thapsus|Thapsus]]. After the battle Caesar grants [[Legio V Alaudae]] the right to bear the [[elephant]] symbol on its [[scutum (shield)|shields]] and [[Vexillum|standards]], for bravery against a charge of elephants.
** [[April 20]] – [[Cicero]], in [[Rome]], writes to [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] "If our voices are no longer heard in the [[Roman Senate|Senate]] and in the [[Roman Forum|Forum]], let us follow the example of the ancient sages and serve our country through our writings, concentrating on questions of ethics and constitutional law."
** Caesar's erstwhile mistress, Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of [[History of Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]], and his son by her, [[Caesarion]], take up residence in one of the dictator's estates on the [[Tiber]].
** [[September 26]] – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to his mythical ancestor [[Venus (mythology)#Epithets|Venus Genetrix]] in fulfillment of a vow he made at the [[battle of Pharsalus]].
** November – Caesar leaves for [[Hispania]] to deal with a fresh outbreak of resistance.
** Caesar reforms the [[Roman calendar]] to create the [[Julian calendar]]. The transitional year is extended to 445 days to synchronize the new calendar and the seasonal cycle. The ''[[Julian Calendar]]'' would remain the standard in the [[western world]] for over 1600 years, until superseded by the [[Gregorian Calendar]] in 1582.
** Caesar appoints his nephew [[Augustus Caesar|Octavian]] his heir.
** Caesar subdues a mutiny of his [[Legio X Gemina|Tenth Legion]].
** Caesar celebrates his [[Roman Gaul|Gallic]] [[Roman triumph|Triumph]], after which [[Vercingetorix]] is executed. The celebrations run for forty days in Rome, and include public [[banquet]]s, plays and [[gladiator]]ial games.