Editing 328 BC (section)

=== By place ===

==== Macedonian Empire ====
* At [[Samarkand|Maracanda]], Alexander murders [[Cleitus the Black|Cleitus]], one of his most trusted commanders, friend and foster-brother, in a drunken quarrel; but his excessive display of remorse leads the army to pass a decree convicting Cleitus posthumously of treason.
* [[Spitamenes]] raises all [[Sogdiana]] in revolt behind him, bringing in the [[Massagetae]], a people of the [[Scythians|Scythian]] confederacy. He besieges the Macedonian garrison in [[Maracanda]]. [[Alexander the Great]] sends an army under the command of [[Pharnuches of Lycia]] which is promptly annihilated with a loss of more than 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry.
* Understanding now the danger represented by his enemy, Alexander moves personally to relieve Maracanda, only to learn that Spitamenes has left Sogdiana. Spitamenes then attacks [[Balkh|Bactra]], from where he is repulsed with great difficulty by the [[satrap]] of [[Bactria]], [[Artabazus of Phrygia]].
* Alexander attacks [[Oxyartes]] and the remaining Bactrian barons who are holding out in the hills of Paraetacene (modern [[Tajikistan]]). The Macedonians seize the crag on which Oxyartes has his stronghold (the [[Sogdian Rock]]), and among the captives is his daughter, [[Roxana]]. In the reconciliation that follows the battle, Alexander marries Roxana. The rest of Oxyartes' opponents are either won over or crushed.
* December &ndash; [[Spitamenes]] is badly defeated by Alexander's general [[Coenus (general)|Coenus]]. At this point Spitamenes' allies, feeling the situation desperate, kill their leader and send his head as a gift to Alexander.
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