Editing 23 BC (section)

=== By place ===

==== Roman Empire ====
* [[Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] becomes [[Roman consul]] for the eleventh time. His co-consul is [[Aulus Terentius Varro Murena]].
* Augustus relinquishes the position of consul, retains that of [[tribune]] of Rome, and assumes that of ''[[Princeps]]'', or "First Citizen." (see [[Roman Empire]]).
* Augustus gets seriously ill: he gives [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]] his [[seal (emblem)|signet ring]] and grants him the title ''imperium pro consule''.
* [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)]] falls ill from a fever shortly after his uncle recovers and dies at the age of nineteen while serving as an [[aedile]].
* The [[Nubia]]ns, led by queen [[Kandake]] [[Amanishakheto|Amanirenas]], take the initiative against the [[Roman Empire]], and attack the [[Roman province]] of [[Egypt (Roman province)|Egypt]] moving towards [[Elephantine]].
* In response to [[Meroë]]'s incursions into [[Upper Egypt]], the [[Roman legion]]s move south and raze [[Napata]]. ([[History of Sudan]]).
* [[Herod the Great]] builds a palace in [[Jerusalem]] and the fortress [[Herodium]] in [[Judea|Judaea]]. He also marries his third wife, named [[Mariamne (third wife of Herod)|Mariamne]], the daughter of high priest Simon.
* Following coinage reform, the [[As (coin)|as]] is struck in reddish pure [[copper]], instead of [[bronze]]. The denominations of [[sestertius]] and [[dupondius]] are introduced as large bronze coins.

==== Osroene ====
* [[Ma'nu III Saphul]] becomes ruler of [[Osroene]].