Editing 1919 (section)

===January===
{{main|January 1919}}
[[File:Map of Europe in 01-01-1919.png]]
[[File:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg|thumb|[[January 1]]: ''[[Iolaire]]'' sinks.]]
* [[January 1]]
** The [[Czechoslovak Legion]]s occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of [[Bratislava|Pressburg]] (later Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of [[Czechoslovakia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lacika|first=Ján|title=Bratislava|edition=1st|series=Visiting Slovakia|year=2000|publisher=Dajama|location=Bratislava|isbn=978-80-88975-16-8|page=42}}</ref>
** [[HMY Iolaire|HMY ''Iolaire'']] sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed.<ref name = list>{{cite web|title=Sinking of HMY Iolaire - list of all on board at time of grounding|url=http://www.adb422006.com/Iolairelist.htm|website=Across Two Seas|access-date=2017-11-14|date=2008-12-17}}</ref>
* [[January 2]]–[[January 22|22]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: The [[Red Army]]'s [[Caspian-Caucasian Front]] begins the [[Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)|Northern Caucasus Operation]] against the [[White Army]], but fails to make progress.
* [[January 3]] &ndash; The [[Faisal–Weizmann Agreement]] is signed by [[Faisal I of Iraq|Emir Faisal]] (representing the Arab [[Kingdom of Hejaz]]) and [[Zionism|Zionist]] leader [[Chaim Weizmann]], for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], and an Arab nation in a large part of the [[Middle East]].
* [[January 5]] &ndash; In Germany:
** [[Spartacist uprising]] in Berlin: The Marxist [[Spartacus League]], with the newly formed [[Communist Party of Germany]] and the [[Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany|Independent Social Democratic Party]], begin mass demonstrations, which will be suppressed by armed force within a week.<ref>{{cite book|first=J. A.|last=Cloake|title=Germany 1918-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHrQcBYxmNgC&pg=PA2-IA1|date=1997-03-20|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-913277-5|page=9}}</ref>
** The [[German Workers' Party]] (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'', DAP), predecessor of the [[Nazi Party]], is formed by the merger of [[Anton Drexler]]'s Committee of Independent Workmen with journalist [[Karl Harrer]]'s Political Workers' Circle.
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Estonian War of Independence]]: With [[Soviet Russia]]n forces just 40&nbsp;km outside of the capital [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]n forces start a general and successful counter-offensive against the [[Red Army]].
* [[January 8]] &ndash; The funeral of [[Theodore Roosevelt]], 26th [[President of the United States]], is held at Christ Church Oyster Bay, Long Island; Roosevelt had died in his sleep at the age of 60, two days earlier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record.aspx?libID=o283059|title=Card of admission to Theodore Roosevelt's funeral|publisher=Theodore Roosevelt Centre|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref>
* [[January 8]]–[[January 22|22]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]], Southern Front: The [[Red Army]] attacks and defeats the White [[Don Army]] under [[Pyotr Krasnov]] in the [[Voronezh–Povorino Operation]].
* [[January 9]]  
** [[Friedrich Ebert]] orders the [[Freikorps]] into action in Berlin.
** [[Estonian War of Independence]]: [[Battle of Tapa]] &ndash; [[Estonia]]n forces liberate [[Tapa, Estonia]], from the [[Red Army]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parts |first=Karl |url=https://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:16353 |title=Soomusrongide tegevusest Vabadussõja murrang-ajajärgul Põhja (Viru) rindel. Tapa vallutamine |publisher=Sõdur |year=1928 |language=et |author-link=Karl Parts}}</ref>
** A group of socialist and liberal deputies table a motion to make [[Luxembourg]] a republic. A crowd gathers at the barracks of the Corps of Volunteers, close to the Chamber. A crowd led by [[Émile Servais]], a left-wing politician, rushes the Chamber and soldiers refuse to disperse them. A Committee of Public Safety is formed, but the rebellion is quelled by the [[French Army]] under General de La Tour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luxembourg's history : Mutiny in the Grand Duchy |url=https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/history/a/1690130.html |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=today.rtl.lu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 10]]–[[January 12|12]] &ndash; The Freikorps attacks Spartacist supporters around Berlin.
* [[January 11]] 
**[[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] annexes [[Transylvania]].
**The [[Georgians|Georgian]] genocide occurs in [[Alagir]].{{clarify|reason=Not mentioned anywhere I can find on Wikipedia.|date=March 2018}}
* [[January 12]]–[[May 19]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: On the Southern Front, the [[Armed Forces of South Russia]] under General [[Anton Denikin]] fight against the [[Red Army]] for the possession of the strategic region of the [[Battle for the Donbass (1919)|Donbass]].
* [[January 13]] &ndash; Workers' councils in Berlin end the [[general strike]]; the Spartacist uprising is over.
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Estonian War of Independence]]: [[Estonia]]n forces liberate [[Tartu]] from the [[Red Army]].
* [[January 15]]
** [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and [[Karl Liebknecht]] are murdered following the Spartacist uprising.
** [[Great Molasses Flood]]: A wave of [[molasses]] released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through [[Boston]], Massachusetts, killing 21 people and injuring 150.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Patricia Harris|author2=David Lyon|title=Boston|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLYRAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Fodor's Travel Publications|isbn=978-0-676-90132-0|page=120}}</ref>
* [[January 16]]
** The [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], authorizing [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], is ratified.
** Pianist [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]] becomes the second [[Prime Minister of Poland]].
* [[January 18]]
**The [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] opens in [[France]], with delegates from 27 nations attending for meetings at the [[Palace of Versailles]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Peace Conference Opens: Memorable Ceremony at the Quai d'Orsay|work=[[The Globe (London newspaper)|The Globe]]|location=London|issue=38539|date=1919-01-18|page=1}}</ref><ref name=MacMillan>{{cite book|first=Margaret|last=MacMillan|author-link=Margaret MacMillan|title=Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World|url=https://archive.org/details/paris1919sixmont00macm|url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=Random House|isbn=9780375508264}}</ref>
** [[Estonian War of Independence]]: [[Estonia]]n forces liberate [[Narva]], expelling the [[Red Army]] from Northern Estonia.
** [[Bentley]] Motors Limited is founded in England.
* [[January 19]]–[[January 28|28]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: The [[Red Army]] begins the counter offensive in the [[Perm Operation (1918–19)|Perm area]] against the [[White Movement|White forces]].
* [[January 19]]
** The [[Monarchy of the North]] is established in Northern Portugal.<ref name="Wheeler1998">{{cite book|author=Douglas L. Wheeler|title=Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkH9wfKMqHwC&pg=PA197|date=August 1998|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-07454-8|pages=197}}</ref>
** [[1919 German federal election]], first under the [[Weimar Republic]] and the first in Germany with [[female suffrage]].
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[First Dáil|Dáil Éireann]] meets for the first time in the [[Mansion House, Dublin]]. It comprises [[Sinn Féin]] members elected in the [[1918 Irish general election|1918 general election]] who, in accordance with their [[Sinn Féin Manifesto 1918|manifesto]], have not taken their seats in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], but chosen to declare an independent [[Irish Republic]]. In the first shots of the [[Anglo-Irish War]], two [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] (RIC) men are [[Soloheadbeg ambush|killed in an ambush]] at [[Soloheadbeg]] in [[County Tipperary]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Khotyn Uprising]]: pro-Ukrainian partisans capture the city of [[Khotyn]] in Romania.<ref>{{cite book|author=Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich Prokhorov|title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUgNAQAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Macmillan|page=608}}</ref>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; The [[League of Nations]] is founded in [[Paris]], [[France]].<ref name="Calhoun1986">{{cite book|author=Frederick S. Calhoun|title=Power and Principle: Armed Intervention in Wilsonian Foreign Policy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sx2AAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Kent State University Press|isbn=978-0-87338-327-1|page=252}}</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of George Square]]: The [[British Army]] is called in to deal with riots, during negotiations over working hours in [[Glasgow]], Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16172087.debunking-more-myths-around-the-battle-of-george-square/|title=Debunking more myths around the battle of George Square|website=HeraldScotland|date=20 April 2018|language=en|access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>
[[File:1919 Battle of George Square - David Kirkwood.jpg|thumb|[[David Kirkwood]] being detained by police during the [[Battle of George Square]]]]