Editing 1905 (section)

=== January ===
{{Main|January 1905}}

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S01260, St. Petersburg, Militär vor Winterpalast.jpg|thumb|'''January 22''' (9 O.S.): The [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]] massacre of Russian demonstrators at the [[Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; In a major defeat in the [[Russo-Japanese War]], Russian General [[Anatoly Stessel]] surrenders [[Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur]], located on mainland China, to the Japanese.<ref>{{cite book|author=Naval War College (U.S.)|title=Naval War College Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T24KZRKFMj0C&pg=RA1-PA52|year=1991|publisher=Naval War College|pages=52}}</ref> On January 3, Japan formally repossesses the port, and renames it Ryojun, holding it for the next 40 years. The area will revert in 1945 to China, and become the [[Lushunkou District]].<ref name=Jan05/>
* [[January 4]]
**Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino becomes Prime Minister of Romania for the second time, having previously served from 1899 to 1900, and remains in office for more than two years.<ref>"Cantacuzino, Gheorghe Grigore", in ''Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century'', ed. by Wojciech Roszkowski and Jan Kofman (Taylor & Francis, 2016) p. 1862</ref> 
**The city of [[Bend, Oregon]], plotted out in 1900 by Alexander Drake, is incorporated as a town for local logging companies, and will have a population of 536 in 1910. By the year 2020, it will have almost 100,000 residents.<ref>Jon Abernathy, ''Bend Beer: A History of Brewing in Central Oregon'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2014)</ref> 
* [[January 5]] &ndash; Baroness [[Emma Orczy]]'s play ''[[The Scarlet Pimpernel]]'', the forerunner of her novel, opens at the [[Noël Coward Theatre|New Theatre]] in London, beginning a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alvin H. Marill|title=More Theatre: M-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4cjAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-2717-2|page=1097}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; In the United States:
**The [[Lick Observatory]] announces the discovery on 3 December 1904 of a sixth [[Moons of Jupiter|moon of Jupiter]], made by their astronomer [[Charles Dillon Perrine|Charles D. Perrine]]. Unlike the first five Jovian satellites discovered, the sixth will be referred to by number as "Jupiter VI" until 1975, when named [[Himalia (moon)|Himalia]].<ref name=Jan05/>
**The Senate confirms the nomination of [[William D. Crum]], an African-American, to the office of collector of customs at [[Charleston, South Carolina]] after Crum's nomination by President Theodore Roosevelt.<ref name=Jan05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzUbvTmYVcYC ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (February 1905) pp. 154-156</ref>
* [[January 11]] &ndash; Under the supervision of five editors, work begins on the comprehensive ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', subtitled "An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church" and published by the Robert Appleton Company, specifically set up in New York City for the purpose. The first volume will appear in 1907.
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Jens Christian Christensen]] takes office as the new [[List of prime ministers of Denmark|Prime Minister of Denmark]].<ref name=Jan05/>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; A series of three {{convert|41|m|ft}} high [[tsunami]]s kill 61 people in [[Norway]] in the villages of Ytre Nesdal and Bødal after a [[rockslide]] sweeps down Mount Ramnefjell and crashes into [[Lovatnet|Lake Lovatnet]].<ref>[https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-loen/ "Loen Accidents in 1905 and 1936"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030173622/https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-loen/ |date=October 30, 2022 }}, by Christer Hoel, Fjords.com</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; In France, Prime Minister [[Émile Combes]] and his cabinet announce their resignations after being implicated in the [[Affair of the Cards]] (''L'Affaire des Fiches''), a system set up by the War Ministry to purge the French Army officers corps of Jesuits.<ref>Piers Paul Read, ''The Dreyfus Affair: The Scandal That Tore France in Two'' (Bloomsbury, 2012) p. 338</ref> 
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The [[Dominican Republic]] signs an agreement with the United States to allow the U.S. to administer the collection of customs taxes for Santo Domingo for 50 years, with the U.S. to assume responsibility for payment of the Republic's debts to foreign nations from Dominican income. The agreement is done as an exercise of the "[[Roosevelt Corollary]]" to the [[Monroe Doctrine]].<ref name=Feb05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzUbvTmYVcYC ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (March 1905) pp. 283-286</ref> 
* [[January 22]] (January 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) &ndash; The [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]] massacre of peaceful Russian demonstrators at the [[Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] takes place, leading to [[Revolution of 1905|an unsuccessful uprising]].
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Maurice Rouvier]] forms a government as the new [[List of Prime Ministers of France#French Third Republic (1870–1940)|Prime Minister of France]].<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; Tsar Nicholas II appoints General [[Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov|Dmitri Trepov]] to be the [[Saint Petersburg Governorate|Governor-General of Saint Petersburg]], with absolute power to issue regulations to keep order.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; (January 13 O.S. in Russia) 
**[[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: The [[Imperial Russian Army]] opens fire on demonstrators in [[Riga]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], killing 73 people and injuring 200.
**[[1905 Hungarian parliamentary election|Elections are held in Hungary]] for the 413 seats in the [[Diet of Hungary|Országgyűlés]], the Kingdom's parliament within Austria-Hungary. Voters overwhelmingly reject the [[Liberal Party (Hungary)|Liberal Party]], led by Prime Minister [[István Tisza]], that has ruled Hungary since 1875, and the Liberals lose 118 of their 277 seats, but Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary (in his capacity as King Ferenc József) ignores the results and keeps Tisza in power.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 27]] &ndash; The [[Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945#Nelson Act|Nelson Act]] is passed into law in the United States, providing for racial segregation of schools in the Alaska Territory.<ref>David S. Case and David A. Voluck, eds. ''Alaska Natives and American Laws'' (University of Alaska Press, 2012) p. 203</ref>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)|Rioting breaks out in Warsaw]], at this time under Russian Imperial rule with a Russian Governor-General.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; The U.S. Supreme Court renders its unanimous decision in the landmark case of ''[[Swift & Co. v. United States]]'', allowing the federal government to regulate monopolies.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; "The greatest ball of the [[Gilded Age]]"<ref>"Panic of 1907", in ''The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia'', by Quentin R. Skrabec (Greenwood Publishing, 2012) p. 134.</ref> is held by [[James Hazen Hyde]], the 28-year-old heir to the fortune of the founder of the Equitable Life Assurance Association" at New York City's Sherry Hotel, spending $200,000 for a "Louis XV costume ball" for invited guests.<ref>Michael Lesy and Lisa Stoffer, ''Repast: Dining Out at the Dawn of the New American Century, 1900-1910'' (W. W. Norton, 2013) pp. 195-197</ref>