Editing 1904 Summer Olympics (section)

==The Games==
===Highlights===
[[Boxing]], [[dumbbells]], [[catch wrestling]] (which later became [[freestyle wrestling]]), and the [[decathlon]] made their debuts. The swimming events were held in a temporary pond near Skinker and Wydown Boulevards, where "lifesaving demonstrations" of unsinkable lifeboats for ocean liners took place.

One of the most remarkable athletes was the American gymnast [[George Eyser]], who won six medals even though his left leg was made of wood, and [[Frank Kugler]] won four medals in freestyle wrestling, weightlifting and tug of war, making him the only competitor to win a medal in three different sports at the same Olympic Games.
[[File:1904 tug of war.jpg|thumb|left|280px|A [[tug of war]] competition at the 1904 Summer Olympics]]
Chicago runner [[James Lightbody]] won the [[steeplechase (athletics)|steeplechase]] and the 800&nbsp;m and then set a natural world record in the 1500&nbsp;m. [[Harry Hillman]] won both the 200&nbsp;m and 400&nbsp;m hurdles and also the flat 400&nbsp;m. [[Sprint (running)|Sprinter]] [[Archie Hahn (athlete)|Archie Hahn]] was champion in the 60&nbsp;m, 100&nbsp;m and 200&nbsp;m. In this last race, he set an Olympic record in 21.6, a natural record that stood for 28 years. In the [[Discus throw|discus]], after American [[Martin Sheridan]] had thrown exactly the same distance as his compatriot, [[Ralph Rose]] (39.28&nbsp;m), the judges gave them both an extra throw to decide the winner. Sheridan won the decider and claimed the gold medal. [[Ray Ewry]] again won all three standing jumps.<ref name="1904 Summer Olympics">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/editions/3|title=1904 Summer Olympics|work=Olympedia}}</ref><ref name="Evan Andrews">{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/news/8-unusual-facts-about-the-1904-st-louis-olympics|title=8 Unusual Facts About the 1904 St. Louis Olympics|publisher=history.com|author=Evan Andrews|date=August 29, 2014}}</ref>

The team representing [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] was awarded a total of two medals, both won by Irish athletes. The top non-U.S. athlete was [[Emil Rausch]] of [[German Empire|Germany]], who won three swimming events. [[Zoltán Halmay]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Charles Daniels (swimmer)|Charles Daniels]] of the United States each won two swimming gold medals. [[Galt Football Club]] from Canada won the gold medal in [[association football|football]].<ref name="1904 Summer Olympics"/><ref name="Evan Andrews"/>

===Anthropology Days===
[[File:Ainu archery - anthropological day - 1904 olympics.jpg|thumb|upright|200px|An [[Ainu people|Ainu]] man competing in an archery contest during "[[Anthropology Days]]"]]
The organizers of the World's Fair held "[[Anthropology Days]]" on August 12 and 13. Since the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|1889 Paris Exposition]], [[human zoo]]s, as a key feature of world's fairs, functioned as demonstrations of anthropological notions of race, progress, and civilization. These goals were followed also at the 1904 World's Fair. Fourteen hundred indigenous people from Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, East Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South America and North America were displayed in anthropological exhibits that showed them in their natural habitats. Another 1600 indigenous people displayed their culture in other areas of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (LPE), including on the fairgrounds and at the Model School, where [[Indian Residential School|American Indian boarding schools]] students demonstrated their successful [[Cultural assimilation of Native Americans|assimilation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-1904-olympic-marathon-may-have-been-the-strangest-ever-14910747/|title=The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever|publisher=[[Smithsonian Magazine]]|author=Karen Abbott|date=August 7, 2012}}</ref> The sporting event itself took place with the participation of about 100 paid indigenous men (no women participated in Anthropology Days, though some, notably the [[Fort Shaw Indian School]] girls basketball team, did compete in other athletic events at the LPE). Contests included "baseball throwing, shot put, running, broad jumping, weight lifting, pole climbing, and tugs-of-war before a crowd of approximately ten thousand".<ref>Parezo, N. J. (2008). p. 59.</ref> According to theorist [[Susan Brownell]], world's fairs – with their inclusion of human zoos – and the Olympics were a logical fit at this time, as they "were both linked to an underlying cultural logic that gave them a natural affinity".<ref>Brownell, Susan, ed. (2008). p. 29.</ref> Also, one of the original intentions of Anthropology Days was to create publicity for the official Olympic events.<ref>Parezo, N. J. (2008). p. 84.</ref><ref>Brownell, Susan, ed. (2008). p. 34.</ref>