Editing 1860s (section)

=== Wars ===
* [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French occupation of Mexico]] (1863–1867). Replacement of [[President of Mexico]] [[Benito Juárez]] (1861–1863) at first with [[Juan Nepomuceno Almonte]] (1863–1864) and then by Emperor [[Maximilian of Mexico]] (1864–1867) with the establishment of the [[Second Mexican Empire]]. Juárez eventually manages to recover his position (1867–1872).
*On 18 October 1860, the first [[Convention of Peking]] formally ended the [[Second Opium War]].
* The [[American Civil War]] which lasted from [[1861]] to [[1865]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/19407/American-Civil-War | title=American Civil War | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica | access-date=4 May 2014}}</ref>
* The [[Paraguayan War]] (1864–1870) starts in [[South America]], with the invasion of [[Paraguay]] by the [[Treaty of the Triple Alliance|Triple Alliance]] ([[Empire of Brazil]], [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]]). It will kill almost 60% of the country's population.
* The main phase of the [[New Zealand Wars]] between British colonials and the [[Māori people|Māori]] population begins with the [[First Taranaki War]] in 1860. The most significant campaign is the [[Invasion of the Waikato]] in 1863, which sees some 14,000 British and colonial troops engaged.
* The [[Kingdom of Prussia]] under [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]] [[Second Schleswig War|invaded Denmark in 1864]], which ended in the division of Schleswig, [[Schleswig-Holstein Question|the location of a pro-German revolt]], between Prussia and the [[Austrian Empire]]. Though Prussia and Austria had both fought side by side in this war, Prussia later attacked Austria in [[Austro-Prussian War|the Austro-Prussian war of 1866]]. The technological and logistical superiority of Prussia's armed forces obliterated Austria and its allies, the former also having to deal with [[Third Italian War of Independence|Prussia's ally Italy in Venice]]. By the end of these conflicts, Prussia was seen as the most powerful state in [[Germany]], and had total hegemony over the other German states. The [[North German Confederation|NGF]] was formed after the Austro-Prussian war, uniting the states of north Germany, and Prussia soon led it into another conflict with [[Franco-Prussian War|France]].
* The [[Bhutan War]] between the [[British Empire]] and [[history of Bhutan|Bhutan]] lasted from 1864 to 1865. It ended in a British victory and the loss of some Bhutanese territory to [[British India]].
* The [[British Expedition to Abyssinia]] was a rescue mission and punitive expedition carried out in 1868 by the armed forces of the [[British Empire]] against the [[Ethiopian Empire]].
* Conclusion of the [[Russo-Circassian War]] (1763–1864) resulting in Russian victory and subsequent [[Circassian genocide]] and [[Circassian diaspora|diaspora]].