Editing 1849 (section)

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – France begins issue of the [[Ceres series (France)|Ceres series]], the nation's first [[postage stamp]]s.
* [[January 5]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: The Austrian army, led by [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]], enters in the Hungarian capitals, [[Buda]] and [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]]. The Hungarian government and parliament flee to [[Debrecen]].
* [[January 8]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Romania]]n armed groups massacre 600 unarmed Hungarian civilians, at [[Aiud|Nagyenyed]].<ref name=HungarianHistory>Hungarian History: [http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/sekler/A49_Nagyenyed.pdf January 8, 1849 And the Genocide of the Hungarians of Nagyenyed]</ref>
* [[January 13]]
** [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] – Battle of Tooele: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.
** The [[Colony of Vancouver Island]] is established.
* [[January 21]]
** General elections are held in the [[Papal States]].
** [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: At [[Sibiu|Nagyszeben]] (now Sibiu in Romania)– The Hungarian army in [[Transylvania]], led by [[Josef Bem]], is defeated by the [[Austrians]], led by Anton Puchner.
* [[January 23]] – [[Elizabeth Blackwell]] is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of [[Geneva, New York]], thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
* [[January 27]]
** The [[Fayetteville and Western Plank Road]] Company is incorporated, to build a plank road from [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]] to [[Bethania, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/plankroadslist.htm|title=Plank Roads Chartered in North Carolina|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2013-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329131156/http://www.historync.org/plankroadslist.htm|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] incorporates the [[North Carolina Railroad]], to complete a rail line from [[Goldsboro, North Carolina|Goldsboro]] through [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], and [[Salisbury, North Carolina|Salisbury]] to [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroads.htm|title=Railroads — prior to the Civil War|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2013-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152211/http://historync.org/railroads.htm|archive-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 1]] – The abolition of the [[Corn Laws]] by the United Kingdom's Importation Act [[1846]] comes fully into effect.
* [[February 4]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Battle of Vízakna]] – The Austrian army, led by Anton Puchner, defeats the Hungarians, led by general [[Josef Bem]].
* [[February 5]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: The Hungarian revolutionary army, led by [[Richard Guyon]], breaks through the pass of [[Battle of Branyiszkó|Branyiszkó]], defeating the Austrian defenders.
* [[February 8]] – The new [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman Republic]] is proclaimed.
* [[February 9]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Battle of Piski]] – [[Josef Bem]]'s Hungarian army defeats Anton Puchner.
* [[February 14]] – In New York City, [[James Knox Polk]] becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
* [[February 21]] – [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]: [[Battle of Gujrat]] – Forces of the British [[East India Company]] defeat those of the [[Sikh Empire]] in [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]].
* [[February 27]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Battle of Kápolna]] – The Austrians defeat the Hungarians.
* [[February 28]] – Regular [[steamboat]] service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins, with the arrival of the [[SS California (1848)|SS ''California'']] in [[San Francisco Bay]]. The ''California'' leaves [[New York Harbor]] on [[October 6]], [[1848]], rounds [[Cape Horn]] at the tip of South America, and arrives at [[San Francisco]] after the 4-month, 21-day journey.
* [[March 3]]
** The [[United States Department of the Interior]] is established, incorporating the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Office]], [[United States General Land Office]], [[Office of Indian Affairs]] and [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|Patent and Trademark Office]].
** [[Minnesota Territory|Minnesota]] becomes a [[Territories of the United States|United States territory]].
** The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Gold Coinage Act]] allowing the minting of two additional denominations of [[gold]] [[coin]]s, the [[gold dollar]] and the [[double eagle]].
* [[March 4]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: The Habsburg emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] promulgates at [[Olomouc]] the [[March Constitution of Austria]], which abolishes the [[April Laws]] promulgated by the Hungarian Batthyány-govern, and degrades Hungary to a simple Austrian province.
* [[March 5]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Second Battle of Szolnok]] – The Hungarians led by [[János Damjanich]] and [[Károly Vécsey]] defeat the Austrians.
* [[March 11]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: The Hungarian army of [[Transylvania]], under general [[Josef Bem]], defeats the Russian-Austrian army at [[Second Battle of Nagyszeben]], capturing the city which is the headquarters of Austrian general Anton Puchner. Most of Transylvania is liberated from the Austrian rule. The Austrian and the Russian troops flee to [[Wallachia]].
* [[March 23]] –  [[First Italian War of Independence]]: [[Battle of Novara (1849)|Battle of Novara]] – The [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] suffers a huge defeat after a two day battle, and King [[Charles Albert]] of Sardinia abdicates.
* [[March 28]] 
** Four Christians are ordered to be burnt alive in [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagascar]], by Queen [[Ranavalona I]]; 14 others are executed.
** The [[Frankfurt National Assembly]] adopts the [[Frankfurt Constitution]], providing for a constitutional monarchy for Germany under a hereditary emperor and with a two-chamber parliament.
* [[March 29]] 
**The [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] ends, with the United Kingdom annexing the [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]].
**[[Maharaja Duleep Singh]] is exiled to England.
* [[March]] – The [[Frankfurt Parliament]] completes its drafting of a liberal constitution, and elects [[Frederick William IV]] emperor of the new German national state.